Interconnectivity between autonomous systems

• US 7,742,477 B1
• Filed: 02/03/2006
• Issued: 06/22/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Guichard, James N., Hanzl, Robert, Sayeed, Mohammed, Mukhopadhyay, Sumit
• Primary Examiner(s): Kumar; Pankaj
• Assistant Examiner(s): BERHANE, YOSIEF H
• Application Number:
  US11/347,182
• Time in Patent Office: 1,600 Days
• Field of Search: 370/392, 370/352, 370/252, 370/400, 370/474, 370/395.41, 370/471, 370/228, 370/395.53, 370/254, 370/401, 709/238, 709/236, 709/232, 709/239, 709/243, 709/244, 709/245, 307/216, 307/346, 307/389, 307/400, 307/466, 307/241
• US Class Current: 370/392
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/02 Topology update or discovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/04 Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/50 using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]

Abstract

A method, apparatus and computer program product each provides interconnectivity between autonomous systems. A control plane and a data plane are included in a network device. A single interface is included in the control plane for all customers. An interface is included in the data plane for each respective one of the customers.

Claims

1. A method of providing an autonomous system (AS) interconnect, the method comprising:

including a control plane and a data plane in a network device, the network device in a first AS;

providing a single interface in the control plane for a plurality of Virtual Routing and Forwarding instances (VRFs) configured in the network device;

running one routing protocol session on the single interface for all of the VRFs; and

providing a plurality of interfaces in the data plane, each one of the interfaces for a respective one of the VRFs, wherein providing the interfaces in the data plane comprises including each one of the interfaces in a respective one of the VRFs, and wherein running the one routing protocol session includes;

learning at least two Virtual Private Network (VPN) prefixes from data received from a second AS over the single interface via the one routing protocol session;

installing VRF forwarding entries into at least two of the VRFs, each one of the VRF forwarding entries corresponding to a respective one of the at least two VPN prefixes, a first one of the at least two VPN prefixes being imported into a single one of the at least two of the VRFs, and a second one of the at least two VPN prefixes being imported into the at least two of the VRFs; and

advertising at least two imported VPN prefixes at the network device in response to the second one of the at least two VPN prefixes being imported into the at least two of the VRFs, each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes identifying a respective one of the at least two of the VRFs, each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes being different from the second one of the at least two VPN prefixes, and each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes being different from the other of the at least two imported VPN prefixes.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein running the one protocol_session includes advertising a plurality of learned prefixes to peers from the network_device, the learned prefixes including the at least two VPN prefixes.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein advertising the learned prefixes comprises advertising the learned prefixes with next-hop-self.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising forwarding a plurality of learned prefixes in response to determining said learned prefixes are imported into any one of the VRFs and dropping said learned prefixes in response to determining said learned prefixes are not imported into any one of the VFRs, the learned prefixes including the at least two VPN prefixes.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein running the one routing protocol session includes processing of Multi Point Label Switching (MPLS) packets on said network device.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining if MPLS forwarding is enabled for a determined one of the interfaces in the data plane and, upon a determination that MPLS forwarding is enabled, using learned outlabels for said VRF forwarding entries and upon a determination that MPLS forwarding is not enabled sending unlabeled packets, and enabling a command for selecting outlabel imposition for the determined interface.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the network device includes a first Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR), said first ASBR in communication with a second ASBR in the second AS, wherein running the one routing protocol session comprises running a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), the method further comprising advertising a plurality of learned prefixes to a plurality of peers in the first AS, the learned prefixes including the at least two VPN prefixes, and wherein advertising the learned prefixes comprises:

advertising one of the learned prefixes as is with next-hop-self at the first ASBR in response to determining the one of the learned prefixes is imported into the single one of the VRFs having a same Route Distinguisher (RD) as the one of the learned prefixes;

advertising an imported prefix at the first ASBR in response to determining the one of the learned prefix is imported into the single one of the VRFs having a different Route Distinguisher (RD) than the one of the learned prefixes;

advertising, at the first ASBR, all imported prefixes corresponding to the one of the learned prefixes when the one of the learned prefixes is imported into the at least two of the VRFs; and

dropping said one of the learned prefixes at the first ASBR in response to determining said one of the learned prefixes is not imported into any of the VRFs.

8. A network device comprising:

a memory;

a processor;

a communications interface;

an interconnection mechanism coupling the memory, the processor and the communications interface; and

wherein the memory includes computer readable instructions, the computer readable instructions when executed by the processor;

provide a control plane and a data plane in the network device, the network device in a first autonomous system (AS);

provide a single interface in the control plane for a plurality of Virtual Routing and Forwarding instances (VRFs) in the network device, wherein the single interface is included in the communications interface, and wherein the computer readable instructions that provide the single interface also run one routing protocol session in the control plane; and

provide a plurality of interfaces, wherein each one of a plurality of Virtual Routing and Forwarding instances (VRFs) includes a corresponding one of the interfaces, and wherein the computer readable instructions that run the one routing protocol session also;

learn at least two Virtual Private Network (VPN) prefixes from data received from a second AS over the single interface via the one routing protocol session;

install VRF forwarding entries into at least two of the VRFs, each one of the VRF forwarding entries corresponding to a respective one of the at least two VPN prefixes, wherein one of the at least two VPN prefixes is imported into the at least two of the VRFs; and

advertise at least two imported VPN prefixes in response to an import of the one of the at least two VPN prefixes into the at least two of the VRFs, wherein each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes identifies a respective one of the at least two of the VRFs, each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes is different from the one of the at least two VPN prefixes, and each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes is different from the other of the at least two imported VPN prefixes.

9. The network device of claim 8 wherein the computer readable instructions that run one routing protocol session to also advertise a plurality of learned prefixes over the one routing protocol session to peers, the learned prefixes including the at least two VPN prefixes.

10. The network device of claim 9 wherein the computer readable instructions that advertise the learned prefixes advertise the learned prefixes with next-hop-self.

11. The network device of claim 9 wherein the computer readable instructions that advertise the learned prefixes advertise a derived imported prefix with next-hop-self.

12. The network device of claim 9 wherein the computer readable instructions that advertise the learned prefixes advertise a plurality of imported prefixes associated with the at least two VPN prefixes imported into the at least two of the VRFs.

13. The network device of claim 9 wherein the computer readable instructions that advertise the learned prefixes advertise the learned prefixes upon determination that the learned prefixes are imported into any one of the VRFs and dropping the learned prefixes upon determination that the learned prefixes are not imported into any one of the VRFs.

14. The network device of claim 9, wherein the computer readable instructions that run the one routing protocol session also process Multi Point Label Switching (MPLS) packets received in the one routing protocol session at said network device.

15. The network device of claim 14 wherein the computer readable instructions that process MPLS packets also determine whether MPLS forwarding is enabled for a determined interface included in the interfaces in the data plane and, upon a determination that MPLS forwarding is enabled, include learned outlabels for said VRF forwarding entries and, upon a determination that MPLS forwarding is not enabled, send unlabeled packets.

16. The network device of claim 8 wherein the computer readable instructions that run the one routing protocol session also advertise a plurality of learned prefixes to a plurality of peers in the first AS, wherein the peers are peers of the network device, wherein the learned prefixes include the at least two VPN prefixes, and wherein the computer readable instructions that advertise the learned prefixes also:

advertise a learned prefix as is with next-hop-self when the learned prefix is imported to a single one of the VRFs and said single one of the VRFs has a same Route Distinguisher (RD) as the learned prefix;

advertise an imported prefix corresponding to the learned prefix when the learned prefix is imported to a single one of the VRFs and the single one of the VRFs has a different Route Distinguisher (RD) than the learned prefix;

advertise all imported prefixes corresponding to the learned prefix when the learned prefix is imported into the at least two of the VRFs; and

drop the learned prefix when the learned prefix is not imported into any one of the VRFs.

17. The network device of claim 8, wherein each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) prefix of the one of the at least two VPN prefixes, each of the at least two imported VPN prefixes further comprises a route descriptor of a respective one of the at least two of the VRFs, the route descriptor of each respective one of the at least two of the VRFs being different from the other of the at least two of the VRFs, and the route descriptor of each respective one of the at least two of the VRFs being different from a route descriptor of the one of the at least two VPN prefixes.

18. The network device of claim 8, wherein the computer readable instructions that advertise the at least two imported VPN prefixes advertise at least two labels, wherein each of the at least two labels corresponds to a respective one of the at least two imported VPN prefixes.