Medical fluid therapy flow control systems and methods

• US 7,744,553 B2
• Filed: 12/16/2003
• Issued: 06/29/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 12/16/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: El Sayyid, Waleed M., Kelly, Thomas D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Deak; Leslie R
• Application Number:
  US10/738,446
• Publication Number:
  US 20050131331A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,387 Days
• Field of Search: 604/4.01, 604/5.01, 604/6.1, 604/6.09, 604/6.11, 210/645, 210/646, 210/345, 210/90, 210/739, 210/741, 210/742, 210/746, 210/195.2, 210/321.71, 210/416.1, 210/433.1, 210/500.1, 210/500.21
• US Class Current: 604/6.11
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1601 Control or regulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1635 with volume chamber balancing devices between used and fresh dialysis fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1672 using membrane filters, e.g. for sterilising the dialysate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/30 Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/34 Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3403 Regulation parameters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/341 by measuring the filtrate rate or volume
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3413 Diafiltration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3434 with pre-dilution and post-dilution
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3437 downstream of the filter, e.g. post-dilution with filtrate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3462 Circuits for the preparation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3643 Priming, rinsing before or after use
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3644 Mode of operation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3647 with recirculation of the priming solution
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3649 using dialysate as priming or rinsing liquid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3303 Using a biosensor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3306 Optical measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/50 with microprocessors or computers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/7518 bacterial

Abstract

Systems and methods for improving medical fluid delivery systems, such as hemofiltration (“HF”) and hemodiafiltration (“HDF”) are provided. In first embodiments, systems and methods for selectively performing pre- and postdilution HF and HDF clearance modes is provided. In other embodiments, systems and methods for providing prime bolus and rinseback fluid volumes before, during and/or after HF and HDF therapies are provided. In further embodiments, improved systems and methods for removing ultrafiltrate from the patient are provided. Still further, improved filtration configurations and methods are provided.

Claims

1. A medical fluid system comprising:

a medical fluid flow path having a medical fluid supply, a first pump operable in a non-isolated condition to pump medical fluid from the supply to an extracorporeal circuit/blood filtering device and a second pump operable to pull fluid from the blood filtering device;

at least one ultrafilter upstream of the blood filtering device;

a flowmeter in fluid communication with a rinse outlet of the at least one ultrafilter;

an apparatus operable to isolate the blood filtering device from the rest of the medical fluid flow path to form an isolated condition; and

a control scheme programmed to (a) receive a volume from an entry by an operator when commencing delivery of the volume and (b) deliver the volume of fluid to the extracorporeal circuit by commanding;

(i) the isolating apparatus to isolate the blood filtering device and (ii) the first pump to concurrently deliver the volume of fluid from the medical fluid supply to the extracorporeal circuit.

2. The medical fluid system of claim 1, wherein the fluid volume is a bolus volume, the control scheme configured to deliver the bolus volume during therapy to help prevent a patient from becoming hypotensive.

3. The medical fluid system of claim 2, wherein the fluid volume is a bolus volume, and wherein the control scheme is programmed to receive an operator input to commence delivery of the bolus volume.

4. The medical fluid system of claim 2, wherein the fluid volume is a bolus volume, and wherein the control scheme is programmed to receive an amount of the bolus volume prior to commencement of therapy.

5. The medical fluid system of claim 2, wherein the fluid volume is a bolus volume, and wherein the control scheme is programmed upon a biosensor input to commence delivery of the bolus volume.

6. The medical fluid system of claim 5, wherein the biosensor is selected from the group consisting of a hematocrit sensor, a blood volume sensor, an electrolytic sensor, an oxygen sensor and any combination thereof.

7. The medical fluid system of claim 1, wherein the fluid volume is a rinseback volume, the control scheme configured to deliver the rinseback volume at the end of therapy to rinse blood in the extracorporeal circuit back to a patient.

8. The medical fluid system of claim 1, wherein the apparatus operable to isolate comprises a three-way valve allowing selective delivery of the medical fluid supply to the blood filtering device and to the extracorporeal circuit.

9. A medical fluid system, comprising:

a medical fluid flow path having a medical fluid supply, a first pump operable to pump medical fluid from the supply to an extracorporeal circuit/blood filtering device and a second pump operable to pull fluid from the blood filtering device;

at least one ultrafilter upstream of the blood filtering device;

an apparatus operable to isolate the blood filtering device from the rest of the medical fluid flow path to form an isolated condition; and

a control scheme programmed to (a) receive an amount of a volume prior to commencement of therapy and (b) deliver the volume of fluid to the extracorporeal circuit as a prime, a rinseback or a bolus by commanding;

(i) the isolating apparatus to isolate the blood filtering device and (ii) the first pump to concurrently deliver the volume of fluid from the medical fluid supply.

10. The medical fluid system of claim 9, wherein the control scheme is programmed to receive a volume from an entry by an operator when commencing delivery of the volume.

11. The medical fluid system of claim 9, wherein the control scheme is programmed to deliver a rinseback volume until a threshold amount of blood is no longer sensed in the extracorporeal circuit.

12. The medical fluid system of claim 9, wherein the fluid volume is a prime, the control scheme configured to deliver the prime at the beginning of the therapy to remove air from the extracorporeal circuit.

13. The medical fluid system of claim 12, further comprising a flowmeter in fluid communication with the medical fluid flow path and the at least one ultrafilter.

14. The medical fluid system of claim 9, further comprising a third pump operable to receive the medical fluid from the apparatus operable to isolate and to pump the medical fluid to the extracorporeal circuit.

15. The medical fluid system of claim 9, wherein the apparatus operable to isolate comprises a valve and a three-way valve.

16. A medical fluid system comprising:

a medical fluid flow path having a medical fluid supply, a first pump operable in a non-isolated condition to pump medical fluid from the supply to an extracorporeal circuit and a blood filtering device, a second pump operable to pull fluid from the blood filtering device and a third pump operably connected to the extracorporeal circuit;

at least one ultrafilter upstream of the blood filtering device and a flowmeter in fluid communication with a rinse outlet of the at least one ultrafilter and the medical fluid flow path;

an apparatus operable to isolate the blood filtering device from the rest of the medical fluid flow path to form an isolated condition; and

a control scheme configured for periodic flow from the rinse outlet of the at least one ultrafilter to a drain, the control scheme programmed to deliver a volume of fluid to the extracorporeal circuit by commanding;

(i) the isolating apparatus to isolate the blood filtering device and (ii) the third pump to deliver the volume of fluid from the apparatus operable to isolate to the extracorporeal circuit.

17. The medical fluid system of claim 16, wherein the control scheme is programmed to deliver the prime until air is no longer sensed in the extracorporeal circuit.

18. The medical fluid system of claim 16, wherein the system is programmed to perform hemodiafiltration and the isolating apparatus includes first and second valves placed upstream and downstream of the blood filtering device.

19. The medical fluid system of claim 16, wherein the system is programmed to perform hemofiltration and the isolating apparatus includes a valve placed downstream of the blood filtering device.

20. The medical fluid system of claim 16, wherein the isolating apparatus includes a bypass valve operable to bypass fresh medical fluid around the blood filtering device in the medical fluid flow path.

21. The medical fluid system of claim 16, wherein the medical fluid flow path is configured to selectively deliver medical fluid to the extracorporeal circuit upstream or downstream of the blood filtering device.

22. The medical fluid system of claim 16, wherein the rinse outlet of the at least one ultrafilter is in operable communication with the flow meter.