Controlling an electrical signal sent to a sample load using a pulse modulated resistance
First Claim
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1. A method of controlling an electrical pulse transmitted to a sample load containing biological molecules, the method comprising:
- charging a capacitance;
subsequent to the charging, connecting the capacitance with the sample load and a variable resistance device connected in parallel with the sample load containing biological molecules, the variable resistance device including;
a first resistor;
a first switch connected in series with the first resistor, wherein the first switch is opened and closed by a first control signal;
transmitting an electrical pulse from the capacitance to the sample load and the variable resistance device; and
controlling the electrical pulse by opening and closing, with the first control signal, the first switch a plurality of times during transmission of the electrical pulse.
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Abstract
Systems, methods, apparatus, and circuits for controlling an electrical signal transmitted to a sample load are provided. The electrical signal produced by a capacitor is controlled via a control signal sent to a variable resistance device that is connected in parallel with the sample load. The variable resistance device includes a resistance and a switch in series. The control signal opens and closes the switch, thus providing a variable resistance based on the amount of time the switch is closed.
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Citations
28 Claims
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1. A method of controlling an electrical pulse transmitted to a sample load containing biological molecules, the method comprising:
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charging a capacitance; subsequent to the charging, connecting the capacitance with the sample load and a variable resistance device connected in parallel with the sample load containing biological molecules, the variable resistance device including; a first resistor; a first switch connected in series with the first resistor, wherein the first switch is opened and closed by a first control signal; transmitting an electrical pulse from the capacitance to the sample load and the variable resistance device; and controlling the electrical pulse by opening and closing, with the first control signal, the first switch a plurality of times during transmission of the electrical pulse. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 27, 28)
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13. A circuit configured to provide a controllable electrical pulse to a sample load containing biological molecules, the circuit comprising:
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a capacitance selectively connected with the sample load; and a variable resistance device connected in parallel with the sample load containing biological molecules, the variable resistance device including; a first resistor; and a first switch in series with the first resistor, wherein the first switch is opened and closed by a first control signal; wherein when the capacitance is charged and selected to be connected with the sample load, an electrical pulse is transmitted from the capacitance to the sample load and the variable resistance device, and wherein the first control signal controls the electrical pulse by opening and closing the first switch a plurality of times during transmission of the electrical pulse. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. An electroporator system for providing a controllable electrical pulse to a sample load containing biological molecules, comprising:
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a capacitance selectively connected with the sample load; and a variable resistance device connected in parallel with the sample load, the variable resistance device including; a first resistor; and a first switch in series with the first resistor, wherein the first switch is opened and closed by a first control signal; wherein when the capacitance is charged and selected to be connected with the sample load, an electrical pulse is transmitted from the capacitance to the sample load and the variable resistance device, and wherein the electrical pulse is controlled with the first control signal by opening and closing the first switch a plurality of times during transmission of the electrical pulse, and wherein the electrical pulse causes electroporation of the biological molecules in the sample load. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification