System and method for operating an electrochemical analyte sensor
First Claim
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1. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
- applying for a test period a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes,monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application for the test period of the time-varying input signal,determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input signal applied for the test period and on the time-varying output signal,applying for an entirety of the test period a constant-valued DC input signal to the at least one of the one or more electrodes,monitoring a DC output signal produced by the sensor in response to the application of the DC input signal, anddetermining at least one measured value of the analyte based on the complex impedance of the sensor and on the DC output signal using a processor.
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Abstract
A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes may comprise applying a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the time-varying input signal, determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input and output signals, and determining from the complex impedance information relating to operation of the sensor.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
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applying for a test period a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application for the test period of the time-varying input signal, determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input signal applied for the test period and on the time-varying output signal, applying for an entirety of the test period a constant-valued DC input signal to the at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a DC output signal produced by the sensor in response to the application of the DC input signal, and determining at least one measured value of the analyte based on the complex impedance of the sensor and on the DC output signal using a processor. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
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applying a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the time-varying input signal, determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input and output signals, and determining at least one measured value of an analyte to which the sensor is exposed based, at least in part, on the complex impedance, wherein determining at least one measured value of an analyte to which the sensor is exposed comprises; selecting a mathematical model of the sensor having a number of model components, fitting values of the complex impedance to the mathematical model of the sensor to determine values of the number of model components, identifying one or a functional combination of the number of model components having a response over time that produces a sensor response that has minimal undesirable variations in magnitude over time, and computing the at least one measured value of the analyte based on values of the identified one or functional combination of the number of model components using a processor. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9)
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10. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
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applying a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the time-varying input signal, determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input and output signals, and determining from the complex impedance whether an output response of the sensor is stable by; selecting a mathematical model of the sensor having a number of model components, fitting values of the complex impedance to the mathematical model of the sensor to determine values of the number of model components, identifying one or a functional combination of the model components having a response over time that is substantially insensitive to variations in analyte concentration and sensor sensitivity, and identifying as stable only sensor output response samples for which the values of corresponding ones of the one or a functional combination of the model components fall within a range of response values using a processor.
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11. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
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applying a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the time-varying input signal, determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input and output signals, determining from the complex impedance whether an output response of the sensor is stable, and producing a signal when the output response of the sensor is not stable by; selecting a mathematical model of the sensor having a number of model components, fitting values of the complex impedance to the mathematical model of the sensor to determine values of the number of model components, identifying one or a functional combination of the model components having a response over time that is substantially insensitive to variations in analyte concentration and sensor sensitivity, and producing the signal if a number of values of the one or functional combination of the model components fall outside of a range of constant response values using a processor.
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12. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
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applying a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the time-varying input signal, determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input and output signals, determining from the complex impedance whether an output response of the sensor is stable, and executing a sensor calibration procedure if the output response of the sensor is not stable by; selecting a mathematical model of the sensor having a number of model components, fitting values of the complex impedance to the mathematical model of the sensor to determine values of the number of model components, identifying one or a functional combination of the model components having a response over time that is substantially insensitive to variations in analyte concentration and sensor sensitivity, and executing the sensor calibration procedure if a number of values of the one or functional combination of the model components fall outside of a range of constant response values using a processor.
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13. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
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applying a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes and applying at the same time a constant-value DC input signal to the at least one of the one or more electrodes, monitoring a time-varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the time-varying input signal, monitoring a DC output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the constant-valued DC input signal, determining a complex impedance of the sensor based on the time-varying input and output signals, and computing measured values of an analyte to which the sensor is exposed based, at least in part, on the complex impedance by selecting a model of the sensor having model components, fitting values of the complex impedance to the model of the sensor to determine complex values of the model components, determining one or a functional combination of the model components that, when the complex values of the one or functional combination of the model components are mathematically combined with the DC output signal, compensates for an effect on the measured values of the analyte of at least one undesirable characteristic of the DC output signal of the sensor, and computing the measured values of the analyte based the DC output of the sensor and the one or functional combination of the complex values of the model components using a processor. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A method of operating an electrochemical analyte sensor having one or more electrodes, comprising:
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applying a time-varying input signal to at least one of the one or more electrodes, varying a frequency of the time-varying input signal over a spectrum of frequencies, monitoring a time and frequency varying output signal produced by the sensor in response to application of the time and frequency varying input signal, and determining a corresponding spectrum of complex impedance values of the sensor based on the time and frequency varying input and output signals, wherein varying a frequency of the time-varying input signal over a spectrum of frequencies comprises providing the time-varying input signal as a complex mixture of frequencies within the spectrum of frequencies in a manner that allows a magnitude of the time-varying input signal to remain small, and determining at least one measured value of the analyte based on the spectrum of complex impedance values of the sensor by; selecting a mathematical model of the sensor having a number of model components, fitting values of the spectrum of complex impedance values to the mathematical model of the sensor to determine values of the number of model components, identifying one or a functional combination of the number of model components having a response over time that produces a sensor response that has minimal undesirable variations in magnitude over time, and computing the at least one measured value of the analyte based on values of the identified one or functional combination of the number of model components using a processor.
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Specification