Cell size management

• US 7,756,078 B2
• Filed: 09/14/2007
• Issued: 07/13/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Itron Global Sarl (Itron, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Itron, Inc.
• Inventors: Wyk, Hartman Van, Bartier, Jerome
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Brian D
• Application Number:
  US11/901,293
• Publication Number:
  US 20080068989A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,033 Days
• Field of Search: 370/508, 370/503, 370/519, 370/350, 370/328, 370/329, 370/332, 370/333, 370/338, 370/345, 370/359, 370/468, 370/229, 370/230.1, 370/231, 370/252, 370/230
• US Class Current: 370/328
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/004 Remote reading of utility meters to a fixed location
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/006 Remote reading of utility meters to a non-fixed location, i.e. mobile location
• CPC Class Codes: G08C 19/16 in which transmission is by pulses
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7143 Arrangements for generation of hop patterns
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/318 Received signal strength
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/15 Active relay systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/127 based on intermediate node capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/005 Routing actions in the presence of nodes in sleep or doze mode
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/10 based on available power or energy
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/22 using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/248 Connectivity information update
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/12 using downlink control channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/00 Synchronisation arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/0015 one node acting as a reference for the others
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/002 Mutual synchronization
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/005 Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 70/8418 adapted for focusing electric field or current, e.g. tip-shaped
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

Abstract

The present technology relates to protocols relative to utility meters associated with an open operational framework. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to protocol subject matter for advanced metering infrastructure, adaptable to various international standards, while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field. The present subject matter supports meters within an ANSI standard C12.22/C12.19 system while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field, all to permit cell-based adaptive insertion of C12.22 meters within an open framework. Cell isolation is provided through quasi-orthogonal sequences in a frequency hopping network. Additional features relate to apparatus and methodology subject matters relating to cell size management.

Claims

1. A method for managing cell size in an advanced metering system mesh network, comprising:

establishing a mesh network including at least one cell incorporating at least one master node and a plurality of node devices, with at least some of the node devices comprising metrology devices, and with at least some of the node devices being organized into at least one cell;

configuring the network for bi-directional communications among the at least one master node and each of the plurality of node devices using a repeating hyperframe subdivided into a repeating time slot packet protocol;

synchronizing a plurality of the node devices to the at least one master node;

establishing a cell size indicator based on the number of node devices synchronized to the master node;

establishing average propagation delay respectively between each node device and the master node;

establishing a global average propagation delay based on the average propagation delay respectively between each node device and the master node;

transmitting the cell size indicator and the global average propagation delay information as a portion of any message transmitted from the master node to the node devices; and

at each respective node device, sorting and selecting neighbors thereof to select the best access for synchronization and to make a choice between different available cells based on messages received from the master node.

2. A method as in claim 1, further comprising:

assigning levels to each node device based on the number of hops the node device is away from the master node such that node devices further away from the master node are assigned higher numbers;

designating at each node device those neighbor node devices whose level is lower than their own to be potential synchronization father node devices;

monitoring at each node device the received signal strength of signals received from a neighbor each time a packet is received; and

evaluating the received signal strength, the cell size indicator, and the global propagation delay to determine the best synchronization father for a given node device.

3. A method as in claim 2, further comprising:

establishing a local average propagation delay between each node device and its neighbors; and

configuring each node device to calculate their own global propagation delay according to the expression;

EP_—

GPD(X)=GPD of neighbor X+LPD between endpoint and neighbor X+MAC_—

GPD_—

TD,

where EP_GPD(X) is the global propagation delay between a given node device and the master node with traffic routed through neighbor X, LPD corresponds to Local Propagation Delay, and MAC_GPD_TD represents a fixed propagation delay through each node in the network.

4. A method as in claim 3, further comprising storing the cell size indicator at each node device, whereby each respective node device determines the best father thereof for synchronization.

5. A method as in claim 4, wherein storing the cell size indicator comprises storing the highest value of cell size indicator among fathers of respective node devices.

6. A method as in claim 4, wherein storing the cell size indicator comprises storing the value of cell size indicator last received from a father.

7. A method as in claim 2, wherein each node device chooses its best access based on a relatively lower cell size indicator.

8. A method as in claim 2, wherein each node device chooses its best access based on a relatively lower global propagation delay.

9. A method as in claim 2, wherein each node device chooses its best access based on a relatively lower level designation.

10. A method as in claim 1, further comprising:

establishing a second cell including at least one second master node;

causing a node device to move to the second cell by transmitting a message to the node device telling the node device that its current cell is forbidden; and

notifying the master node of the current cell that the node device is leaving the cell, whereby the current master node adjusts its cell size indicator.

11. A method as in claim 1, further comprising:

establishing a second cell including at least one second master node;

enabling each node device to listen for messages from other cells; and

configuring each node device to evaluate whether the second cell can provide the node device a better access to the network.

12. An advanced metering system mesh network, comprising:

a mesh network including at least one cell incorporating at least one master node and a plurality of node devices, with at least some of the node devices comprising metrology devices, and with at least some of the node devices being organized into at least one cell, with the mesh network configured for bi-directional communications among the at least one master node and each of the plurality of node devices using a repeating hyperframe subdivided into a repeating time slot packet protocol, and with a plurality of the node devices synchronized with the master node; and

a transmitter, associated with the master node, and configured for transmitting a cell size indicator based on the number of node devices synchronized to the master node, and for transmitting a global average propagation delay based on average propagation delay respectively between each node device and the master node, with the transmissions comprising a portion of any message transmitted from the master node; and

wherein said node devices are configured for receiving messages from said transmitter, and based thereon, sorting and selecting neighbors thereof so as to select the best access for synchronization and so as to make a choice between different available cells.

13. An advanced metering network as in claim 12, further comprising:

a storage portion, associated with each node device, for storing a level value for each respective associated node device based on the number of hops the node device is away from the master node such that node devices further away from the master node are assigned higher numbers; and

wherein each respective node device is further configured to designate those neighbor node devices thereof whose level is lower than their own to be potential synchronization father nodes, to monitor the received signal strength of signals received from a neighbor each time a packet is received, and to evaluate the received signal strength, the cell size indicator, and the global propagation delay to determine the best synchronization father.

14. An advanced metering network as in claim 13, wherein the master node is further configured to determine a local average propagation delay between each respective node device and its neighbors;

and

wherein each respective node device is further configured for calculating their own global propagation delay according to the expression;

EP_—

GPD(X)=GPD of neighbor X+LPD between endpoint and neighbor X+MAC_—

GPD_—

TD,

where EP_GPD(X) is the global propagation delay between a given node device and the master node with traffic routed through neighbor X, LPD corresponds to Local Propagation Delay, and MAC_GPD_TD represents a fixed propagation delay through each node in said network.

15. An advanced metering network as in claim 14, further comprising a storage device, associated with each node device, for storing the cell size indicator, whereby each respective node device determines the best father thereof for synchronization.

16. An advanced metering network as in claim 15, wherein said storage device is further configured for storing the highest value of cell size indicator among fathers of respective node devices.

17. An advanced metering network as in claim 15, wherein said storage device is further configured for storing the last value of cell size indicator received from a father.

18. An advanced metering network as in claim 12, wherein each node device is further configured for choosing its best access based on a relatively lower cell size indicator.

19. An advanced metering network as in claim 12, wherein each node device is further configured for choosing its best access based on a relatively lower global propagation delay.

20. An advanced metering network as in claim 12, wherein each node device is further configured for choosing its best access based on a relatively lower level designation.

21. An advanced metering network as in claim 12, further comprising:

at least a second cell including at least one second master node;

wherein

said master node of the first cell is further configured for causing a given node device to move to said second cell by transmitting a message telling the given node device that its current cell is forbidden;

the given node device is further configured for notifying its current master node that it is leaving its cell; and

the current master node is further configured for adjusting its cell size indicator.

22. An advanced metering network as in claim 12, further comprising:

at least a second cell including at least one second master node; and

wherein each respective node device is further configured for listening for messages from other cells, and for evaluating whether the second cell can provide the node device a better access to said network.

23. An advanced metering network as in claim 22, wherein each respective node device is further configured for notifying its current master node that it is leaving the cell thereof, upon determination that the second cell can provide the node device a better access to said network.