System for transmission of electric power

• US 7,759,910 B2
• Filed: 09/13/2004
• Issued: 07/20/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ABB Research Ltd. (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB Research Ltd. (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Johansson, Kenneth, Fromm, Udo, Johansson, Stefan, Lindahl, Sture
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhane; Adolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): PHAM, EMILY P
• Application Number:
  US10/573,383
• Publication Number:
  US 20070114978A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,136 Days
• Field of Search: 323/205, 323/207, 323/206, 323/248, 323/251, 323/255, 323/355, 323/361, 363/34, 363/35, 363/51, 307/100, 307/103, 307/104
• US Class Current: 323/207
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/18 Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks for adjustment of voltage H02J3/16
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/22 in cables
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/30 Reactive power compensation

Abstract

A high voltage AC transmission cable system for transmitting power between two points, each connected to one or more power networks, and a method to operate the system. At least one transformer is arranged at each end of the AC transmission cable, wherein at least one of the transformers is arranged to operate the transformer at a voltage whereby losses due to reactive power transport and dielectric losses are minimized. The AC cable is run at a variable voltage regulated such that the voltage is a function of the load for the transmission cable. This operating voltage is not necessarily the same as the nominal voltages in the connection points. A control and communication system and a graphical user interface for carrying out the method are also provided.

Claims

1. A high voltage insulated AC transmission cable system for transmitting power between two points each connected to one or more power networks, comprising:

an insulated AC transmission cable having two ends and extending between the two points;

two transformers with variable voltage transformation, wherein each of the two transformers is arranged in shunt connection at one of the two points at one of the two ends of the insulated AC transmission cable;

two voltage control members, each of which is arranged at one of the two points and is connected to one of said two transformers and which are operative to control said two transformers in a coordinated manner to regulate an operating voltage level of said insulated AC transmission cable whereby losses due to reactive power transport are minimized; and

two tap-changers, each of which is arranged at one of the two points and is connected to one of the two voltage control members and to a corresponding one of said transformers to vary the voltage transformation of the transformer according to said operating voltage.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein each the voltage control member is operative to operate said system at an optimal voltage dependent on a surge impedance of the cable and an instantaneous power level.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein each the voltage control member is operative to operate said system at an optimal voltage dependent on an instantaneous power level equal to a Natural Load of the cable.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein each the voltage control member is operative to operate said system at a voltage whereby a sum of resistive losses, dielectric losses and charging losses are minimized.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein each the voltage control member is arranged for communication with control equipment at both ends of said insulated AC transmission cable.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein each the voltage control member is arranged with control instructions for operation of said insulated AC transmission cable under thermal overload conditions during limited periods of time.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein each of the transformers is arranged to operate with a wide ratio of input voltage to output voltage of between 1:

1 to 1;

2, or greater.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein each the voltage control member comprises a power electronic device which may be any of the list of:

IGBT, IGCT, GTO, Thyristor, Diode.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein each the voltage control member comprises a mechanical tap-changer.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein each tap-changer comprises a phase-shifting tap changer.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein each voltage control member is comprised in an autotransformer.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein each voltage control member is an autotransformer.

13. The system according to claim 1, wherein each transformer is arranged to limit short-circuit currents.

14. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a high frequency filter.

15. The system according to claim 1, wherein transformer windings of each transformer comprise at least one transformer winding arranged for a fast short-circuit of a part of the transformer windings.

16. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

one or more parallel cables for each phase, wherein each cable is arranged for rapid disconnect and reconnect.

17. The system according to claim 16, further comprising:

one or more breakers arranged for rapid disconnect and reconnect.

18. The system according to claim 16, further comprising:

one or more tap changer by-pass connectors.

19. The system according to claim 1, wherein the insulated AC transmission cable comprises an oil and paper insulated cable.

20. The system according to claim 1, wherein the insulated AC transmission cable comprises an XLPE insulated cable.

21. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

one or more over-voltage protection devices, phase-to-phase, phase-to-earth, depending on the cable.

22. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

one or more elements operative to protect a sheath of the insulated AC transmission cable from overvoltage.

23. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a cable system shield comprising transposings and sheath sectionalizing insulators reducing shield induced currents.

24. The system according to claim 1, wherein one end of the insulated AC transmission cable may be connected to one or more electrical machines isolated from the rest of the system.

25. The system according to claim 24, wherein the transformer arranged nearest the one or more electrical machines has a fixed transformation ratio or comprises off-load tap-changers only.

26. The system according to claim 24, wherein voltage regulation of the one or more electrical machines is controlled according to natural load and minimize losses principle applied to a tap changer.

27. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a high speed data communication member connected to at least one of said transformers for communication with control voltage control member.

28. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a graphical user interface comprising at least one object oriented application for presenting data, parameter values and control actions for operating parameters of the insulated AC transmission cable system.

29. A method to control a high voltage insulated AC transmission cable system for transmitting power between two points connected to one or more power networks, the method comprising:

arranging two transformers with variable voltage transformation with one at each of the two points, such that each transformer is in shunt-connection at one of two ends of an insulated AC transmission cable extending between the two points;

controlling said transformers in a coordinated manner to regulate an operating voltage level of said insulated AC transmission cable, whereby losses due to reactive power transport are minimized, wherein said operating voltage may differ from a voltage of said one or more power networks; and

arranging two tap-changers with one at each of the two points, each of which is to vary the voltage transformation of one of said transformers according to said operating voltage.

30. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

regulating the voltage dependant on a function of a natural load of said insulated AC transmission cable, and thereby controlling a level of reactive power transported into any of said one or more power networks.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the voltage is regulated dependent on the natural load, whereby losses at due to resistive, dielectric effects are minimized.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein the voltage is regulated under no-load conditions such that losses are reduced while maintaining voltage above a lower, minimum voltage level depending on system conditions.

33. The method according to claim 31, wherein the voltage is regulated under low load conditions such that losses are reduced while maintaining voltage above a lower, minimum voltage level depending on system conditions.

34. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

regulating the voltage dependent in part on an equation of the form;

v=√

{square root over (Z_v·

P_actual)}

where V is voltage, Z_v is the real part of the surge impedance and P_actual is the present active power flow.

35. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

regulating the voltage dependent on thermal overload limits for the insulated AC transmission cable during limited periods of time.

36. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

rapidly reconnecting and disconnecting supply to and from the insulated AC transmission cable.

37. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

regulating the voltage with the two transformers that are operated synchronously with each other.

38. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

utilizing the high voltage insulated AC transmission cable system as a power feeder for large, densely populated urban or suburban areas.

39. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

utilizing the high voltage insulated AC transmission cable system for transmitting power over a distance, wherein a part of the distance is across water.

40. The method according to claim 29, further comprising:

utilizing the high voltage insulated AC transmission cable system for transmitting power between two points wherein one point comprises one or more electrical machines isolated from an electrical power network.

41. A high voltage insulated AC transmission cable system for transmitting power between two points each connected to one or more power networks, the system comprising:

two transformers with variable voltage transformation, each of which is arranged at one of the two points in shunt connection at one of two ends of the insulated AC transmission cable;

two voltage control members, each of which is arranged at one of the two points and is connected to one of said two transformers and which are operative to control said two transformers in a coordinated manner to regulate an operating voltage level of said insulated AC transmission cable dependent on the surge impedance of the cable whereby losses due to reactive power transport are minimized; and

two tap-changers, each of which is arranged at one of the two points and is connected to one of the two voltage control members and to a corresponding one of said two transformers to vary a voltage transformation of the voltage transformers according to said operating voltage.

42. The system according to claim 41, wherein the voltage control members are operative to operate said system at an optimal voltage dependent on the surge impedance of the cable and the instantaneous power level.

43. The system according to claim 41, wherein the voltage control members are operative to operate said system, at an optimal voltage dependent on an instantaneous power level equal to the Natural Load of the cable.

44. The system according to claim 41, wherein the voltage control members are operative to operate said system at a voltage whereby the sum of the resistive losses, dielectric losses and charging losses are minimized.

45. The system according to claim 41, wherein the voltage control members are arranged for communication with control equipment at both ends of said insulated AC transmission cable.

46. The system according to claim 41, wherein the voltage control members are arranged with control instructions for operation of said insulated AC transmission cable under thermal overload conditions during limited periods of time.

47. The system according to claim 41, further comprising:

a cable system shield comprising transposings and sheath sectionalizing insulators reducing shield induced currents.

48. The system according to claim 41, wherein one end of the insulated AC transmission cable may be connected to one or more electrical machines isolated from the rest of the system.

49. The system according to claim 48, wherein one of the two transformers arranged nearest the one or more electrical machines has a fixed transformation ratio or comprises off load tap-changers only.

50. A method to control a high voltage insulated AC transmission cable system for transmitting power between two points connected to one or more power networks, the method comprising:

arranging two transformers with variable voltage transformation with one at each of the two points, such that each of the transformers is in shunt-connection at one of the two points at two ends of an insulated AC transmission cable extending between the two points;

controlling said transformers in a coordinated manner to regulate an operating voltage level of said insulated AC transmission cable dependent on a surge of impedance of the insulated AC transmission cable, whereby losses due to reactive power transport are minimized, where said operating voltage may differ from a voltage of said one or more power networks; and

arranging two tap-changers with one at each of the two points, each of which is to vary the voltage transformation of one of said transformers according to said operating voltage.

51. The method according to claim 50, further comprising:

regulating the voltage dependant on a function of a natural load of said insulated AC transmission cable, and thereby controlling a level of reactive power transported into any of said one or more power networks.