Method of addressing messages and communications system

• US 7,760,677 B2
• Filed: 06/01/2005
• Issued: 07/20/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Round Rock Research LLC
• Original Assignee: Keystone Technology Solutions, LLC
• Inventors: Wood, Clifton W. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham; Chi H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hyun; Soon D.
• Application Number:
  US11/143,395
• Publication Number:
  US 20050207364A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,875 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/312
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10019 resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. collision between the communication channels used by wireless communication devices, where the solution is not particularly adapted for RFIDs or the like, H04W74/08
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/24 Credit schemes, i.e. "pay after"
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/26 Debit schemes, e.g. "pay now"
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3223 Realising banking transactions through M-devices
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 15/00 Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points handling coins or valuable papers, e.g. banknotes, G07D; apparatus for vending or hiring articles or services activated by coins, credit cards, paper currency or the like G07F7/00, G07F17/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5092 by self-assignment, e.g. picking addresses at random and testing if they are already in use
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/00 Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/246 Connectivity information discovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/06 using polling
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/08 Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA hybrid access H04W74/02
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 76/11 Allocation or use of connection identifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/26 Network addressing or numbering for mobility support

Abstract

In one among many embodiments, the invention provides a system including an interrogator communicating to a selected one or more of a number of communications devices. A plurality of communications devices select random values independently of random values selected by other devices. The interrogator transmits a first signal requesting devices within a specified group of devices to respond, the specified group being less than or equal to all of the devices within a field of the interrogator. Devices receiving the first signal respectively determine if the respective device falls within the specified group and, if so, send a reply including a respective random value to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of slots; and, if not, do not send a reply. The interrogator determines if a collision occurred between devices that sent a reply. The interrogator also creates a new, different specified group.

Claims

1. A method of communicating between an interrogator and one or more radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, the method comprising:

placing the devices in communication range of the interrogator, wherein each of the devices accommodates a first predetermined number of bits to be used for a respective first value;

causing the devices to select random values, wherein each of the devices chooses random values independently of random values selected by other devices;

transmitting a signal from the interrogator requesting devices having first values within a specified group of one or more values to respond, the specified group being less than the entire set of values having the first number of bits;

receiving the signal at the devices, and in response, each of the devices respectively determining if their respective first value falls within the specified group and, if so, sending a respective reply including a respective random value to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of slots, and, if not, not sending a reply; and

determining with the interrogator if collisions occurred between devices that sent the respective reply and, if so, adjusting the number of slots.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the sending of the reply to the interrogator within the randomly selected time slot is in accordance with an Aloha technique.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the sending of the reply to the interrogator within the randomly selected time slot is in accordance with a slotted Aloha technique.

4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the method is an adaptive method.

5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the respective random value is sixteen bits in length.

6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein sending the respective reply to the interrogator comprises sending a respective unique identification number of the device sending the reply.

7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the respective first value is the respective random value of the device sending the reply.

8. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein, after receiving a reply from a first device of the devices, the interrogator sends a command individually addressed to the first device, the command including the respective random value sent by the device in the reply.

9. A method in accordance with claim 8 wherein the time slot randomly selected by the first device is selected using a random number different from the first value of the first device.

10. A method comprising:

providing a plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices within a field of an interrogator, wherein each respective device of the devices stores a unique identification number and selects random values independently of random values selected by the other devices;

transmitting from the interrogator a first signal requesting devices within a specified group of devices to respond, the specified group being less than or equal to all of the devices within the field of the interrogator;

receiving the first signal at the devices, the devices receiving the first signal respectively determining if the respective device falls within the specified group and, if so, sending a reply including a respective random value to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of slots, and, if not, not sending a reply; and

determining using the interrogator if a collision occurred between devices that sent a reply, creating a new, different specified group, and transmitting a second signal from the interrogator to the devices requesting devices within the different specified group to respond.

11. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein a predetermined number of bits to be used for the respective random value comprises sixteen bits.

12. A method of addressing messages from an interrogator to a selected one or more of a number of RFID devices, the method comprising:

placing the devices in a field of the interrogator, each of the devices providing a first predetermined number of bits to store a respective identification number and a second predetermined number of bits to be used for random values wherein respective devices choose random values independently of random values selected by the other devices;

transmitting from the interrogator a signal requesting devices storing first values that fall within a specified group of one or more values to respond, the specified group being less than the entire set of possible first values;

receiving the signal at the devices, each respective device of the devices receiving the signal respectively determining if a respective first value stored in the respective device falls within the specified group and, if so, sending a respective reply to the interrogator within a randomly selected respective time slot of a number of possible time slots, in accordance with a slotted Aloha technique, and, if not, not sending a reply, wherein sending the respective reply to the interrogator comprises communicating both a respective random value chosen by the respective device and the respective identification number of the respective device, and wherein the respective time slot randomly selected by the respective device is selected using a random number different from the respective random value of that device;

determining with the interrogator if collisions occurred between devices that sent a reply and, if so, adjusting the number of possible time slots; and

if a reply without collision is received from a device, the interrogator sending a command individually addressed to that device.

13. A method of addressing messages from an interrogator to a selected one or more of a number of RFID devices in accordance with claim 12 wherein the number of possible time slots is indicated by the signal transmitted by the interrogator, and wherein the respective first value is not determined by the respective identification number.

14. A method of addressing messages from an interrogator to a selected one or more of a number of RFID devices in accordance with claim 12 wherein the second predetermined number of bits is sixteen.

15. A method comprising:

providing a plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices within a field of an interrogator, wherein each respective device of the devices stores a unique identification number and selects random values independently of random values selected by other devices;

transmitting from the interrogator a first signal requesting devices within a specified group of devices to respond, the specified group being less than or equal to all of the devices within the field of the interrogator;

receiving the first signal at the devices, the devices receiving the first signal respectively determining if the respective device falls within the specified group and, if so, sending a reply to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of possible time slots, in accordance with an Aloha technique, and, if not, not sending a reply, wherein sending a reply to the interrogator comprises communicating both a respective random value chosen by the respective device and the respective identification number of the respective device, and wherein the respective time slot randomly selected by the respective device is selected using a random number different from the respective random value of that device;

determining with the interrogator if a collision occurred between devices that sent a reply, creating a new, different specified group, and transmitting a second signal from the interrogator to the devices requesting devices within the different specified group to respond; and

if a reply is received from a device, the interrogator sending a command individually addressed to that device;

wherein the number of possible time slots is indicated by the interrogator.

16. A method in accordance with claim 15 wherein the respective random value is sixteen bits in length.

17. A system comprising:

an interrogator to transmit a first signal requesting a specified group of devices to respond, the specified group being less than all devices that receive and process the first signal, to detect collisions between the specified group of devices, and to transmit a second signal to all of the devices that received and processed the first signal, the second signal requesting a different specified group of devices to respond; and

the devices to wirelessly communicate with the interrogator, each of the devices storing a unique identification number and providing a predetermined number of bits to be used for independently generated random values, wherein upon receiving the first signal each respective device of the devices processes the first signal to determine if the respective device falls within the specified group of devices and, if so, sends a reply including a random value to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of slots.

18. A system in accordance with claim 17 wherein the reply is sent to the interrogator within the randomly selected time slot in accordance with an Aloha technique.

19. A system in accordance with claim 17 wherein the reply is sent to the interrogator within the randomly selected time slot in accordance with a slotted Aloha technique.

20. A system in accordance with claim 17 wherein the random value is sixteen bits in length.

21. A system in accordance with claim 17 wherein the reply includes the unique identification number of the respective device.

22. A system in accordance with claim 17 wherein the interrogator is programmed to send a command to a first device of the devices, after receiving the reply from the first device, the command including the random value sent by the first device in the reply.

23. A system in accordance with claim 22 wherein the time slot randomly selected by the first device is selected using a random number different from the random value of the first device, and wherein the first device is to communicate the unique identification number to the interrogator within the randomly selected time slot.

24. A system comprising:

an interrogator to communicate to a selected one or more of a number of communications devices, to transmit a first signal that specifies a specified group of devices, the specified group being less than or equal to all of the devices within a field of the interrogator, to determine if a collision occurred between devices that sent a reply, and to create a new, different specified group; and

a plurality of communications devices to select random values independently of random values selected by other of the devices, to receive the first signal and respectively determine if the respective device falls within the specified group and, if so, to send a reply including a respective random value to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of slots, and, if not, to not send a reply.

25. A system in accordance with claim 24 wherein each respective random value comprises sixteen bits, and wherein the devices are to further send a respective identification number.

26. A method comprising:

communicating to a selected one or more of a number of communications devices;

storing a unique identification number, storing random values, and selecting random values independently of random values selected by other devices;

transmitting a first signal requesting a specified group of devices to respond, the specified group being a portion of all similarly configured devices within a field of an interrogator;

receiving the first signal by all of the devices within the field of the interrogator, and each of all of the devices respectively determining if the respective device falls within the specified group and, if so, sending a reply to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of possible time slots, in accordance with an Aloha technique, and, if not, not sending a reply, wherein sending a reply to the interrogator comprises communicating both a respective random value chosen by the respective device and a respective identification number of the respective device, and wherein the respective time slot randomly selected by the respective device is selected using a random number different from the respective random value of that device;

determining if a collision occurred between devices that sent a reply, creating a new, different specified group; and

sending a command, including the respective random value chosen by the respective device to the device after receiving the respective random value from the device without a collision;

wherein the number of possible slots is indicated by the interrogator.

27. A method in accordance with claim 26 wherein the respective random value is sixteen bits in length.

28. A method comprising:

communicating to a selected one or more of a number of communications devices;

storing unique identification numbers respectively having a first predetermined number of bits, storing a second predetermined number of bits to be used for respective random values, and selecting random values independently of random values selected by other devices;

defining a group of devices, the defined group being a subset of all possible devices within a field of an interrogator, and transmitting a first signal requesting devices within the defined group to respond;

in response to receiving the first signal, determining if the respective device falls within the defined group and, if so, sending a reply to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of a number of possible time slots, in accordance with an Aloha technique, and, if not, not sending a reply, wherein sending a reply to the interrogator comprises communicating both a respective random value chosen by the respective device and the respective identification number of the respective device, wherein the respective time slot randomly selected by the respective device is selected using a random number different from the respective random value of that device, and wherein the number of possible slots is indicated by the interrogator;

determining if a collision occurred between devices that sent a reply; and

defining a new, different specified group.

29. A method in accordance with claim 28 wherein the respective random value is sixteen bits in length.

30. A method in accordance with claim 28 wherein the first predetermined number of bits for the respective random value is sixteen.

31. A system comprising:

an interrogator to communicate to a selected one or more of a number of communications devices and to transmit a signal requesting devices having first values within a specified group of one or more values to respond, the specified group being less than the entire set of values having a first predetermined number of one or more bits, and to determine if a collision occurred between devices that sent a reply and, in response, adjusting a number of possible time slots; and

a plurality of communications devices, wherein each of the devices accommodates the first predetermined number of one or more bits to be used for a respective first value, the devices to respectively store respective random values, respective devices to select random values independently of random values selected by other devices, devices respectively to, in response to receiving the signal, determine if their respective first value falls within the specified group and, if so, send a reply to the interrogator within a randomly selected time slot of the number of possible time slots, and, if not, not send a reply.