Apparatus for non-invasive determination of direction and rate of change of an analyte
First Claim
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1. An apparatus for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in tissue, comprising:
- a. radiation means for irradiating the tissue;
b. measurement means for measuring a signal from the tissue to acquire a first output signal at a first time, and, after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the tissue to acquire a second output signal; and
c. determination means for determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the tissue from the first and second output signals;
wherein the determination means are further configured to;
d. determine a set of acceptable combinations of present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change of analyte concentration;
e. determine whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations; and
f. generate a signal indicative of whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations.
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Abstract
The present invention relates generally to a non-invasive method and apparatus for measuring a fluid analyte, particularly relating to glucose or alcohol contained in blood or tissue, utilizing spectroscopic methods. More particularly, the method and apparatus incorporate means for detecting and quantifying changes in the concentration of specific analytes in tissue fluid. Also, the method and apparatus can be used to predict future levels of analyte concentration either in the tissue fluid or in blood in an adjacent vascular system.
130 Citations
19 Claims
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1. An apparatus for non-invasive determination of a characteristic of change in an analyte property in tissue, comprising:
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a. radiation means for irradiating the tissue; b. measurement means for measuring a signal from the tissue to acquire a first output signal at a first time, and, after a first time interval, measuring a signal from the tissue to acquire a second output signal; and c. determination means for determining a characteristic of change of the analyte property in the tissue from the first and second output signals;
wherein the determination means are further configured to;d. determine a set of acceptable combinations of present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change of analyte concentration; e. determine whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations; and f. generate a signal indicative of whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. An apparatus for determining a direction and rate of change in concentration of an analyte in tissue comprising:
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a. energy means for providing optical energy; b. input means coupling the optical energy into a tissue sample; c. output means for capturing an optical signal from the tissue sample; and d. analyzing means for analyzing the optical signal and determining the direction and rate of change in concentration of the analyte, wherein the analyzing means are further configured to; e. determine a set of acceptable combinations of present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change of analyte concentration; f. determine whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations; and g. generate a signal indicative of whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17)
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18. An apparatus for measuring changes in concentration of an analyte disposed in tissue comprising:
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a. an excitation system configured to irradiate the tissue; b. a collection system configured to capture radiation at a plurality of selected frequencies emanating from the tissue at a first time and a second time; and c. an analysis system configured to determine the direction or rate of change, or both, of the concentration of the analyte from the captured radiation, wherein the analysis system is further configured to; d. determine a set of acceptable combinations of present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change of analyte concentration; e. determine whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations, and f. generate a signal indicative of whether the present analyte concentration, direction of change, and rate of change are within the set of acceptable combinations. - View Dependent Claims (19)
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Specification