Producing time variation in emanating light

• US 7,763,856 B2
• Filed: 01/31/2008
• Issued: 07/27/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 01/31/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Kiesel, Peter, Johnson, Noble M., Bassler, Michael, Beck, Markus
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta; David P
• Assistant Examiner(s): Green; Yara B
• Application Number:
  US12/023,436
• Publication Number:
  US 20090194705A1
• Time in Patent Office: 908 Days
• Field of Search: 250/288, 250/343, 250/364, 250/373, 250/564, 250/428, 250/432.R, 250/437, 250/432, 250/458.1, 422/82.08, 422/82.05
• US Class Current: 250/343
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6419 Excitation at two or more wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/645 Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6486 Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells G01N21/6428 takes precedence

Abstract

An excitation component or arrangement can provide excitation to a moving object so that information is encoded in time variation of light emanating from the object. For example, in each of a sequence of segments, it can provide a respective non-binary excitation spectrum, and the spectra can be different with a non-interference-like transition between them; because the object emanates light differently in response to the different spectra, photosensing results can be obtained that include encoded information about the object. The non-binary spectra could be different intermediate intensities, such as different gray levels or different intensities of one color or could be different colors. The excitation can be provided in a pattern with non-interference-like transitions between regions, and object motion can also be controlled. In another approach, a trigger signal can cause a time-varying excitation in a region, with non-interference-like transitions between intervals of excitation, such as black/white, multiple colors, or gray levels.

Claims

1. A method of using an excitation arrangement, the method comprising:

while an object travels along a path, operating the excitation arrangement to provide excitation to the object within a range of excitation photon energies, the excitation causing the object to emanate light;

the act of operating the excitation arrangement including;

in each of a sequence of segments of the path, providing an excitation pattern with a respective non-binary excitation spectrum within the range of excitation energies, the respective excitation spectra of at least two of the segments being different than each other and including;

a non-interference-like transition between the at least two segments;

in response to the different excitation spectra, the object emanating light differently so that, while the object travels along a part of the path that includes the sequence of segments, the emanating light has time variation.

2. The method of claim 1 in which the act of operating the excitation arrangement further includes:

providing an excitation pattern that includes two or more excitation regions with a non-interference-like transition between excitation regions;

in each of the at least two segments, the object traveling through a respective excitation region in the excitation pattern.

3. The method of claim 2 in which the excitation pattern is substantially continuous so that, when an object travels from a preceding segment in the sequence to the preceding segment'"'"'s following segment, the object crosses a non-interference-like transition in moving from the preceding segment'"'"'s excitation region to the following segment'"'"'s excitation region;

the excitation regions being a longitudinal sequence within the excitation pattern, the longitudinal sequence being one of;

a random sequence;

a periodic sequence; and

a chirped sequence.

4. The method of claim 2 in which the method further comprises, while operating the excitation arrangement:

causing the object to move through a channel with a boundary shape that causes the object to travel on a non-straight line.

5. The method of claim 4 in which the channel'"'"'s boundary has a sinusoidal shape, the excitation regions being stripe-like regions that are approximately parallel to the path.

6. The method of claim 4 in which the excitation regions are stripe-like regions extending in a lengthwise direction, the act of causing the object to move comprising:

causing relative movement between the object and the excitation pattern in a direction not parallel to the lengthwise direction.

7. The method of claim 1 in which the act of operating the excitation arrangement further includes:

providing time-varying excitation while the object travels through the part of the path, the time-varying excitation including two or more excitation intervals during which the excitation has different non-binary excitation spectra and between which is a non-interference-like transition;

the object traveling through each of the at least two segments during a respective one of the excitation intervals.

8. A method of using an excitation arrangement, the method comprising:

while objects travel past the excitation arrangement, operating the excitation arrangement to provide excitation to the objects within a range of excitation photon energies, the excitation causing the objects to emanate light;

the act of operating the excitation arrangement including;

providing an excitation pattern that includes two or more excitation regions, each with a respective non-binary excitation spectrum within the range of excitation energies;

each of the objects traveling through a sequence of the excitation regions that includes at least two regions whose excitation spectra are different than each other and including

a non-interference-like transition between the at least two regions;

in response to the different excitation spectra, each object emanating light differently so that, while the object travels through the sequence of excitation regions, its emanating light has time variation.

9. Apparatus comprising:

a fluidic structure that includes a channel through which objects can travel along respective paths during operation of the apparatus; and

an encoding component;

the encoding component including

an excitation arrangement that can provide excitation to objects in the channel within a range of photon energies, the excitation causing the objects to emanate light;

the excitation arrangement providing the excitation so that each object'"'"'s path includes a sequence of segments in each of which the excitation arrangement provides excitation with a respective non-binary excitation spectrum within the range of photon energies, the respective excitation spectra of at least two of the segments being different than each other and including

a non-interference-like transition between the at least two of the segments;

in response to the different excitation spectra, each object emanating light differently so that, while the object travels along a part of its path that includes the at least two segments, the emanating light has time variation.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

a photosensing component that photosenses the emanating light of the objects and provides photosensing results;

the photosensing results including one or more sensed time-varying signals; and

a processing component that performs operations on the photosensing results to obtain signals indicating information encoded in the emanating light the processing component being programmed to;

perform a comparing operation between two time-varying signals to obtain comparison results, at least one of the time-varying signals being one of the sensed time-varying signals; and

use the comparison results to obtain data indicating at least one spectral difference between the two time-varying signals.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the excitation arrangement comprises:

first and second light sources that provide first and second interference patterns in first and second predominant photon energy subranges in the range of photon energies, respectively; and

optical components that provide the first and second interference patterns in an interdigitated pattern in the channel.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the excitation arrangement comprises:

a structured multicolor light source that provides an excitation pattern.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the channel has boundaries shaped to cause each object to travel along its path with non-uniform displacement.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the apparatus further comprises:

a device that can cause relative motion between the objects and an excitation pattern.

15. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the excitation arrangement includes an excitation component that operates as one side of the channel.

16. Apparatus comprising:

a fluidic structure that includes a channel through which objects can travel along respective paths during operation of the apparatus; and

an encoding component that includes;

an excitation source that can provide excitation to objects in an excitation region of the channel within a range of photon energies, the excitation causing the objects to emanate light;

the excitation source being capable of providing at least two different excitation spectra within the range of photon energies;

a trigger detector along the channel upstream from the excitation region, the trigger detector responding to each of the objects as it passes, providing a respective trigger signal; and

circuitry that responds to each object'"'"'s trigger signal, causing the excitation source to provide time-varying excitation while the object travels through the excitation region, the time-varying excitation including two or more excitation intervals during each of which the excitation source provides different ones of the excitation spectra.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 in which the excitation spectra are non-binary excitation spectra.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 in which the time-varying excitation includes at least one of:

a periodic sequence of excitation intervals;

a random sequence of excitation intervals; and

a chirped sequence of excitation intervals.

28. The method of claim 17 in which time variations of the object'"'"'s emanating light are correlated with the object'"'"'s position in the region and, while the object travels through the region, it is the only object in the region that is emanating light in response to the pattern of excitation over time.

19. A method of using an excitation arrangement, the method comprising:

while an object travels along a path, operating the excitation arrangement to provide excitation to the object within a range of photon energies, the excitation causing the object to emanate light;

the act of operating the excitation arrangement including;

in each of a sequence of segments of the path, providing respective excitation with a respective non-binary excitation spectrum within the range of photon energies;

successive segments in the sequence having respective excitation spectra sufficiently different that the object emanates light differently in the successive segments and, while the object travels along a part of the path that includes the sequence of segments, its emanating light has time variation; and

providing respective excitation of each segment in the sequence through a respective path length so that the sequence includes a substantially continuous spatial pattern of excitation, the spatial pattern including at least one of;

a non-periodic pattern;

a periodic pattern; and

a chirped pattern;

the time variation of the object'"'"'s emanating light including, as a result of the spatial pattern, at least one of;

non-periodic time variation;

periodic time variation; and

chirped time variation.

20. The method of claim 19 in which the object is fluorescent, the object fluorescing at different intensities in response to the different excitation spectra.

21. The method of claim 19 in which the respective excitation spectra of at least two of the segments have different predominant subranges of the range of photon energies and/or have different intermediate intensities.

22. The method of claim 19 in which the respective excitation spectra are gray levels that have different intermediate intensities.

23. The method of claim 19 in which the act of providing respective excitation of each segment includes:

operating a structured multicolor light source to provide the spatial pattern.

24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

causing the object'"'"'s velocity to change linearly as the object travels through the part of the path, the emanating light from the object including chirped time variation.

25. The method of claim 19 in which the spatial pattern includes two interdigitated interference patterns, the act of operating the excitation arrangement further including:

providing the interdigitated interference patterns from two light sources that provide light with different predominant photon energies in the range of photon energies.

26. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

photosensing a portion of the emanating light from the object and obtaining photosensing results;

the photosensing results including one or more sensed time-varying signals; and

using the photosensing results to obtain information about the object;

the act of using the photosensing results including;

performing a comparing operation between two time-varying signals to obtain comparison results, at least one of the time-varying signals being one of the sensed time-varying signals; and

using the comparison results to obtain data indicating at least one spectral difference between the two time-varying signals.

27. A method of using an excitation component, the method comprising:

while an object travels through a region, operating the excitation component to provide excitation in the region within a range of photon energies, the excitation causing the object to emanate light;

the act of operating the excitation component including;

during each of a sequence of intervals, providing respective excitation with a respective excitation spectrum within the range of photon energies;

the respective excitation spectra of successive intervals in the sequence being sufficiently different that the object emanates light differently during the successive intervals and, during the sequence of intervals, its emanating light has time variation; and

providing respective excitation of each interval in the sequence during a respective duration so that the sequence includes a substantially continuous pattern of excitation over time, the pattern of excitation over time including at least one of;

a non-periodic pattern;

a periodic pattern; and

a chirped pattern;

the time variation of the object'"'"'s emanating light including, as a result of the pattern of excitation over time, at least one of

non-periodic time variation;

periodic time variation; and

chirped time variation.

29. A method of using an excitation arrangement, the method comprising:

while objects travel past the excitation arrangement, operating the excitation arrangement to provide excitation to the objects within a range of photon energies, the excitation causing each object to emanate light in accordance with a respective emanation spectrum, the respective emanation spectra of at least some objects being different;

the act of operating the excitation arrangement including;

providing a substantially continuous excitation pattern, the excitation pattern including at least one of;

a non-periodic pattern;

a periodic pattern; and

a chirped pattern; and

the excitation pattern further including one of;

a longitudinal sequence of segments, each with respective excitation having a respective non-binary excitation spectrum within the range of photon energies;

successive segments in the longitudinal sequence having respective excitation spectra sufficiently different that objects with different emanation spectra emanate light differently in the successive segments and, while an object travels through the longitudinal sequence of segments, its emanating light has respective time variation that encodes information about the object'"'"'s emanation spectrum; and

a time sequence of intervals, each with respective excitation having a respective excitation spectrum within the range of photon energies;

the respective excitation spectra of successive intervals in the time sequence being sufficiently different that objects with different emanation spectra emanate light differently during the successive intervals and, during the time sequence, an object'"'"'s emanating light has respective time variation that encodes information about the object'"'"'s emanation spectrum; and

distinguishing at least one of the objects based on the information about the object'"'"'s emanation spectrum encoded in the respective time variation.

30. The method of claim 29 in which the act of distinguishing at least one of the objects includes:

photosensing a portion of the emanating light from the objects and obtaining photosensing results; and

using the photosensing results to distinguish objects.

31. The method of claim 29 in which the objects include objects of first and second types that have first and second emanation spectra, respectively, the first and second emanation spectra being different from each other;

the act of distinguishing at least one of the objects including;

distinguishing objects of the first and second types from each other based on the information about each object'"'"'s emanation spectrum encoded in the respective time variation.

32. The method of claim 31 in which the act of distinguishing objects of the first and second types includes:

photosensing a portion of each object'"'"'s emanating light and obtaining respective photosensing results;

each object'"'"'s photosensing results including a respective sensed time-varying waveform;

objects of the first and second types having respective sensed time-varying waveforms with parts that are approximately complementary to each other.

33. The method of claim 32 in which the excitation pattern includes at least one of:

a periodic pattern with a duty cycle different from 0.5; and

a non-periodic pattern.