E-field induced ion selective molecular deposition onto sensor arrays

• US 7,780,841 B2
• Filed: 02/15/2005
• Issued: 08/24/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/15/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Zhang, Sean Xiao-An, Chen, Yong, Li, Zhiyong, Williams, R. Stanley, Zhou, Zhang-Lin, Tong, William M.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOGUEROLA, ALEXANDER STEPHAN
• Application Number:
  US11/059,258
• Publication Number:
  US 20060180480A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,016 Days
• Field of Search: 20440301-40315, 204416-418, 205/777.5, 205/778, 205/792
• US Class Current: 205/777.5
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2430/00 Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving synthetic organic compounds as analytes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5308 for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5438 Electrodes

Abstract

A sensor array for sensing at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties is provided. The sensor array comprises a plurality of working electrodes electrically associated with a reference electrode, each working electrode in combination with the reference electrode forming a transducer. Each working electrode is provided with a coating of a sensing element comprised of an ionizable moiety and a functional group sensitive to one of the chemical and/or biological moieties.

Claims

1. A sensor array for sensing a plurality of detectable functional groups associated with at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties on a single molecule, said sensor array comprising:

a plurality of working electrodes electrically associated with a single reference electrode, each working electrode forming a transducer, each working electrode provided with a coating of a sensing element comprised of an ionized moiety and a sensing functional group sensitive to at least one of said chemical and biological moieties, each coating sensitive to a different detectable functional group;

wherein each of the plurality of working electrodes is configured to be deactivated, after having been previously activated, during activation of an other of the plurality of working electrodes and deposition of the coating on the other of the plurality of working electrodes, such that each working electrode is configured to be coated one electrode at a time.

2. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said ionized moiety is electrophilic.

3. The sensor array of claim 2 wherein said electrophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

NH₂⁺, —

NHR⁺, —

NR₂⁺, cyclic amine salts, pyridine salts, substituted pyridine salts, PH₂⁺, —

PHR⁺, and —

PR₂⁺.

4. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said ionized moiety is nucleophilic.

5. The sensor array of claim 4 wherein said nucleophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

S⁻

, —

O⁻

, —

NH⁻

, —

N(alkyl)⁻

, —

N(aryl)⁻

, N(acyl)⁻

, —

COO⁻

, —

C(═

S)O⁻

, —

C(═

S)S⁻

, —

C(═

O)S⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂⁻

, —

P(═

O)₂H⁻

, and —

S(═

O)₂O⁻

.

6. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said sensing functional group is selected from the group consisting of SH, OH, NH₂, NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-acyl, unsaturated hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon, heterocyclic systems, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, sulfuric acid and its derivatives, and phosphoric acid and its derivatives.

7. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein each working electrode is independently selected from the group consisting of single metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, organic-semiconducting materials, and inorganic-semiconducting materials.

8. The sensor array of claim 7 wherein each working electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Si, GaAs, InP, In₂O₃, and ZnO.

9. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein said reference electrode forms electrode pairs with at least some of said working electrodes and is chemically inert toward said ionized moiety.

10. A method of forming a sensor array for sensing a plurality of detectable functional groups associated with at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties on a single molecule, said method comprising:

providing a plurality of working electrodes;

providing a single reference electrode electrically associated with said plurality of working electrodes, each working electrode forming a transducer; and

selectively depositing a coating on each working electrode, the coating including a sensing element comprised of an ionized moiety and a sensing functional group sensitive to at least one of the chemical and biological moieties on the single molecule, each coating sensitive to a different detectable functional group, each coating provided by performing an electric-field directed deposition of said sensing element onto said electrode;

wherein the selective deposition of the coating on each working electrode is accomplished via one electrode at a time by activating one working electrode to be coated while deactivating each other of the working electrodes.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said ionized moiety is electrophilic.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said electrophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

NH₂⁺, —

NHR⁺, —

NR₂⁺, cyclic amine salts, pyridine salts, substituted pyridine salts, PH₂⁺, —

PHR⁺, and —

PR₂⁺.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said ionized moiety is nucleophilic.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said nucleophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

S⁻

, —

O⁻

, —

NH⁻

, —

N(alkyl)⁻

, —

N(aryl)⁻

, N(acyl)⁻

, —

COO⁻

, —

C(═

S)O⁻

, —

C(═

S)S⁻

, —

C(═

O)S⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂H⁻

, and —

S(═

O)₂O⁻

.

15. The method of claim 10 wherein said sensing functional group is selected from the group consisting of SH, OH, NH₂, NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-acyl, unsaturated hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon, heterocyclic systems, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, sulfuric acid and its derivatives, and phosphoric acid and its derivatives.

16. The method of claim 10 wherein each working electrode is independently selected from the group consisting of single metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, organic-semiconducting materials, and inorganic-semiconducting materials.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein each working electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Si, GaAs, InP, In₂O₃, and ZnO.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein said reference electrode forms electrode pairs with at least some of said working electrodes and is chemically inert toward said ionized moiety.

19. The method of claim 10 wherein said coating is selectively deposited by the following process:

selectively activating one of the working electrodes;

pre-ionizing an ionizable moiety of said sensing element to form the ionized moiety;

performing an electric-field directed deposition of said sensing element onto the one electrode; and

post-cleaning said array.

20. A method of sensing a plurality of detectable functional groups associated with at least one of chemical moieties and biological moieties on a single molecule, said method comprising:

providing a sensor array, said sensor array comprising a plurality of working electrodes electrically associated with a single reference electrode, each working electrode forming a transducer, each working electrode selectively deposited with a coating of a sensing element comprised of an ionized moiety and a sensing functional group sensitive to at least one of said chemical and biological moieties on the single molecule, each coating sensitive to a different detectable functional group, each coating provided by performing an electric-field directed deposition of said sensing element onto said electrode, wherein the selective deposition of the coating on each working electrode is accomplished via one electrode at a time by activating one working electrode to be coated while deactivating each other of the working electrodes;

exposing said sensor array to at least one the chemical moiety or the biological moiety or both; and

detecting a signal corresponding to a sensed chemical moiety or a sensed biological moiety or both.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said ionized moiety is electrophilic.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said electrophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

NH₂⁺, —

NHR⁺, —

NR₂⁺, cyclic amine salts, pyridine salts, substituted pyridine salts, PH₂⁺, —

PHR⁺, and —

PR₂⁺.

23. The method of claim 20 wherein said ionized moiety is nucleophilic.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said nucleophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of —

S⁻

, —

O⁻

, —

NH⁻

, —

N(alkyl)⁻

, —

N(aryl)⁻

, N(acyl)⁻

, —

COO⁻

, —

C(═

S)O⁻

, —

C(═

S)S⁻

, —

C(═

O)S⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂⁻

, —

P(═

O)O₂H⁻

, and —

S(═

O)₂O⁻

.

25. The method of claim 20 wherein said sensing functional group is selected from the group consisting of SH, OH, NH₂, NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-acyl, unsaturated hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon, heterocyclic systems, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, sulfuric acid and its derivatives, and phosphoric acid and its derivatives.

26. The method of claim 20 wherein each working electrode is independently selected from the group consisting of single metals, metal alloys, metal oxides, organic-semiconducting materials, and inorganic-semiconducting materials.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein each working electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Si, GaAs, InP, In₂O₃, and ZnO.

28. The method of claim 20 wherein said reference electrode forms electrode pairs with at least some of said working electrodes and is chemically inert toward said ionized moiety.