MRI method of determining time-optimal gradient waveforms with gradient amplitude as a function of arc-length in k-space

• US 7,791,338 B2
• Filed: 09/07/2007
• Issued: 09/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/07/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford University)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford University)
• Inventors: Kim, Seung Jean, Pauly, John M., Lustig, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Shrivastav; Brij B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Fetzner; Tiffany A
• Application Number:
  US11/852,198
• Publication Number:
  US 20090069664A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,096 Days
• Field of Search: 324300-322, 600407-435
• US Class Current: 324/307
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/4824 using a non-Cartesian trajectory
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/561 by reduction of the scanning time, i.e. fast acquiring systems, e.g. using echo-planar pulse sequences

Abstract

A method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is provided. A scanning path is specified. Gradient amplitude is determined as a function of arc-length along the scanning path in k-space. A time optimal gradient waveform for scanning the scanning path is calculated from the gradient amplitude. The scanning path is scanned using the time optimal gradient waveform.

Claims

1. A method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) comprising the steps of:

a) specifying a scanning path;

b) determining gradient amplitude directly as a function of arc-length along the specified scanning path in k-space, rather than as a function of time;

c) calculating a time optimal gradient waveform for scanning the scanning path from the gradient amplitude; and

d) scanning along the scanning path using the time optimal gradient waveform.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning is an excitation scanning path.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning is an imaging scanning path, further comprising generating an MRI image.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

specifying another scanning path;

determining gradient amplitude as a function of arc-length for the another scanning path;

calculating a time optimal gradient waveform for the scanning of the another scanning path; and

comparing the time optimal gradient waveforms.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:

determining weak points; and

using the weak points to specify a faster scanning path.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the scanning path is for a first scanning plane, further comprising:

specifying a second scanning path different from the scanning path for a second scanning plane different from the first scanning plane;

designing a gradient amplitude as a function of arc-length along the second scanning path in k-space;

calculating a time optimal gradient waveform for scanning the second scanning path; and

scanning along the second scanning path using the time optimal gradient waveform.

7. The method of claim 3 wherein in step c) comprises:

traversing the specified scanning path in a first direction to determine maximum velocities and accelerations for individual points along the scanning path;

traversing the specified scanning path in a second direction opposite to the first direction and determine maximum velocities and accelerations for the individual points along the scanning path;

calculating the time optimal gradient waveform from the minimum of the maximum velocities and accelerations for each of the individual points along the scanning path found by traversing the specified scanning path in the first direction and the second direction.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining a gradient waveform as a function of time.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein in step c) a solution is found for arbitrary paths.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the time optimal gradient waveform maximizes the gradient magnitude or the slew-rate at every time point.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the time optimal gradient waveform provides a larger spacing of sampling points in k-space in a diagonal direction than along horizontal and vertical directions.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning path has a random perturbation.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

specifying another scanning path;

determining gradient amplitude as a function of arc-length for the another scanning path;

calculating a time optimal gradient waveform for the scanning of the another scanning path; and

comparing the time optimal gradient waveforms.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:

determining weak points; and

using the weak points to specify a faster scanning path.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the scanning path is for a first scanning plane, further comprising:

specifying a second scanning path different from the scanning path for a second scanning plane different from the first scanning plane;

designing a gradient amplitude as a function of arc-length along the second scanning path in k-space;

calculating a time optimal gradient waveform for scanning the second scanning path; and

scanning along the second scanning path using the time optimal gradient waveform.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein in step c) comprises:

traversing the specified scanning path in a first direction to determine maximum velocities and accelerations for individual points along the scanning path;

traversing the specified scanning path in a second direction opposite to the first direction and determine maximum velocities and accelerations for the individual points along the scanning path;

calculating the time optimal gradient waveform from the minimum of the maximum velocities and accelerations for each of the individual points along the scanning path found by traversing the specified scanning path in the first direction and the second direction.

17. A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, comprising:

a magnetic resonance imaging excitation and detection system; and

a controller electrically connected to the magnetic resonance imaging excitation and detection system, comprising;

a display;

at least one processor; and

computer readable media, comprising;

computer readable code configured for specifying a scanning path;

computer readable code configured for directly determining gradient amplitude as a function of arc-length along the specified scanning path in k-space, rather than as a function of time;

computer readable code configured for calculating a time optimal gradient waveform that scans the specified scanning path based on the directly determined gradient amplitude as a function of arc-length along the specified scanning path in k-space, rather than as a function of time; and

computer readable code configured for scanning along the scanning path using the time optimal gradient waveform.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the scanning is an excitation scanning path.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the scanning is an imaging scanning path, further comprising:

generating an MRI image; and

displaying the MRI image on the display.