System and method for distributing streaming content through cooperative networking

• US 7,792,982 B2
• Filed: 01/07/2003
• Issued: 09/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 01/07/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Wang, Jiahe, Chou, Philip A., Padmanabhan, Venkata N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Thu
• Assistant Examiner(s): TRUONG, LAN DAI T
• Application Number:
  US10/337,473
• Publication Number:
  US 20040143672A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,800 Days
• Field of Search: 709/219, 709/231, 709/238, 709/235, 709/250
• US Class Current: 709/231
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1101 Session protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/612 for unicast
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/104 Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1076 Resource dissemination mechanisms or network resource keeping policies for optimal resource availability in the overlay network
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1089 Hierarchical topologies

Abstract

A system and method for distributing streaming content data from a server to multiple clients enables the server to handle transient surges of requests by having the clients cooperate with the server and other clients to distribute content, thereby alleviating the load on the server. The server divides the streaming content into multiple sub-streams (e.g., by using multiple description coding), and constructs multiple distribution trees with itself at the root and each client as a node in each of the trees. Each sub-stream is transmitted down a corresponding one of the distribution trees. Clients that receive sub-streams from its parent nodes in the distribution trees in turn forward the sub-streams to their child nodes in the trees.

Claims

1. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions for a network server to perform steps for distributing streaming media content over a network to a plurality of clients that have requested to receive the streaming media content, comprising:

forming at least first and second distinct distribution trees, each distribution tree having the server as its root and having as its nodes the clients of the plurality of clients, wherein each client of the plurality of clients serves as a node in the first distinct distribution tree and serves as a node in the second distinct distribution tree;

receiving a request from a new client for the streaming media content; and

selecting a parent node based on the proximity in terms of network distance from the parent node to the new client in each of the distribution trees for the client from which the new client is to receive a corresponding sub-stream, and wherein each client is assigned a random position in the first and second distinct distribution trees and has a random set of ancestors in each of the first and second distinct distribution trees;

dividing the streaming media content into at least first and second sub-streams, wherein dividing includes performing multiple description coding based on layered encoding of the streaming media content, minimum distance separable coding, and priority encoding transmission, wherein the step of dividing includes partitioning the streaming media content into groups of frames, and encoding each group of frames into a plurality of packets each to be included in a corresponding sub-stream; and

transmitting the first and second sub-streams of the streaming media content down the respective first and second distinct distribution trees to a client that has requested to receive the streaming media content.

2. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 1, wherein the step of dividing further includes adjusting rate points of the partitioning to minimize expected distortion of streaming media content received by the clients.

3. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 2, wherein the step of adjusting is performed dynamically during transmission of the streaming media content.

4. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 1, wherein the step of dividing uses forward error correction coding.

5. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 1, further including the step of informing the new client of the parent nodes in the distribution trees selected for the new client.

6. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 1, wherein the step of selecting includes identifying a plurality of nodes in a distribution tree that are available to be a parent node of the new client, and randomly selecting one of the available nodes to be the parent node of the new client in said distribution tree.

7. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 6, wherein the available nodes are identified based on their proximity in terms of network distance to the new client.

8. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 7, wherein the step of identifying the available nodes includes estimating the proximity of the available nodes and the new client based on their network coordinates.

9. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 8, wherein the network coordinates are with reference to a pre-selected set of landmarks.

10. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 1, further including the steps of:

receiving a notice of departure from a departing client;

in each distribution tree, identifying child nodes of the departing client; and

reassigning a parent node in said each distribution tree for each of the child nodes.

11. A computer-readable storage medium as in claim 1, further including the steps of:

receiving a notice of high packet loss rate in a sub-stream from an existing client;

reassigning a parent node in the distribution tree corresponding to said sub-stream to the existing client.

12. A method of distributing streaming media content over a network from a server to a plurality of clients that have requested to receive the streaming media content, comprising:

forming, by the server, at least first and second distinct distribution trees, each distribution tree having the server as its root and having as its nodes the clients of the plurality of clients, wherein each client of the plurality of clients serves as a node in the first distinct distribution tree and serves as a node in the second distinct distribution tree; and

receiving a request from a new client for the streaming media content and selecting a parent node based on the proximity in terms of network distance from the parent node to the new client in each of the distribution trees for the client from which the new client is to receive a corresponding sub-stream, wherein each client is assigned a random position in the first and second distinct distribution trees and has a random set of ancestors in each of the first and second distinct distribution trees;

dividing, by the server, the streaming media content into at least first and second sub-streams, wherein the step of dividing includes partitioning the streaming media content into groups of frames, and encoding each group of frames into a plurality of packets each to be included in a corresponding sub-stream, wherein dividing includes performing multiple description coding based on layered encoding of the streaming media content, minimum distance separable coding, and priority encoding transmission;

transmitting, by the server, the first and second sub-streams down the respective first and second distinct distribution trees;

receiving, by each client, the first and second sub-streams from its parent nodes in the respective first and second distinct distribution trees;

reconstructing, by said each client, the streaming media content from the received first and second sub-streams; and

forwarding, by each client that has child nodes in the distribution trees, sub-streams received by said each client through the distribution trees to the child nodes in the respective distribution trees.

13. A method as in claim 12, wherein the step of dividing includes partitioning the streaming media content into a plurality of groups of frames, and encoding each group of frames into a plurality of packets each to be included in a corresponding one of the sub-streams.

14. A method as in claim 12, wherein the step of dividing uses forward error correction coding.

15. A method as in claim 12, further comprising:

repairing, by the server, the distribution trees upon departure of a departing client by reassigning parent nodes to child nodes of the departing client in the distribution trees.

16. A method as in claim 12, further comprising steps by the server of:

receiving a request from a new client for the streaming media content;

selecting in each of the distribution trees a parent node for the client from which the new client is to receive a corresponding sub-stream.

17. A method for distributing streaming media content over a network from a server to a plurality of clients that have requested to receive the streaming media content, comprising:

forming at least first and second distinct distribution trees, each distribution tree having the server as its root and having as its nodes the clients of the plurality of clients, wherein each client of the plurality of clients serves as a node in the first distinct distribution tree and serves as a node in the second distinct distribution tree;

receiving a request from a new client for the streaming media content; and

selecting a parent node based on the proximity in terms of network distance from the parent node to the new client in each of the distribution trees for the client from which the new client is to receive a corresponding sub-stream, and wherein each client is assigned a random position in the first and second distinct distribution trees and has a random set of ancestors in each of the first and second distinct distribution trees;

dividing the streaming media content into at least first and second sub streams, wherein the step of dividing includes partitioning the streaming media content into groups of frames, and encoding each group of frames into a plurality of packets each to be included in a corresponding sub-stream, wherein dividing includes performing multiple description coding based on layered encoding of the streaming media content, minimum distance separable coding and priority encoding transmission; and

transmitting the first and second sub streams of the streaming media content down the respective first and second distinct distribution trees.