Lithium-ion battery

• US 7,807,299 B2
• Filed: 10/29/2004
• Issued: 10/05/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Howard, William G., Scott, Erik R., Schmidt, Craig L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weiner; Laura S
• Application Number:
  US10/979,043
• Publication Number:
  US 20060093873A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,167 Days
• Field of Search: 429/231.1, 429/231.3, 429/231.95, 429/231.5, 429/233, 429/245
• US Class Current: 429/231.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/378 Electrical supply
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode including a positive current collector, a first active material, and a second active material. The battery also includes a negative electrode having a negative current collector and a third active material, the third active material including a lithium titanate material. The first active material, second active material, and third active materials are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium ions. The second active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the negative current collector and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.

Claims

1. A battery comprising:

a positive electrode comprising a positive current collector, a first active material, and a second active material; and

a negative electrode comprising a negative current collector and a third active material, the third active material comprising a lithium titanate material;

wherein the first active material, second active material, and third active materials are configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium ions; and

wherein the first active material comprises a compound including lithium and the second active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃ or a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄ such that it exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the negative current collector and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein the third active material comprises Li₄Ti₅O₁₂.

3. The battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have zero voltage crossing potentials below the corrosion potential of the negative current collector and above the decomposition potential of the first active material.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first active material comprising the compound including lithium comprises LiCoO₂.

5. The battery of claim 4, wherein the negative current collector comprises copper.

6. The battery of claim 4, wherein the negative current collector comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, and aluminum.

7. The battery of claim 4, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃.

8. The battery of claim 4, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄.

9. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first active material comprises a material of the form LiCo_xNi₍₁₋

x)O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.8 or LiAl_xCo_yNi<sub>(1−

x−

y)</sub>O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3.

10. The battery of claim 9, wherein the negative current collector comprises copper.

11. The battery of claim 9, wherein the negative current collector comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, and aluminum.

12. The battery of claim 9, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃.

13. The battery of claim 9, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄.

14. The battery of claim 1, wherein the first active material comprises a material of the form LiAl_xCo_yNi₍₁₋

x−

y)O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3.

15. The battery of claim 14, wherein the negative current collector comprises copper.

16. The battery of claim 14, wherein the negative current collector comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, and aluminum.

17. The battery of claim 14, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃.

18. The battery of claim 14, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄.

19. The battery of claim 1, further comprising a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

20. The battery of claim 1, wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.

21. The battery of claim 20, wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 100 mAh and 400 mAh.

22. The battery of claim 1, wherein the battery has a capacity of approximately 300 mAh.

23. A lithium-ion battery comprising:

a positive current collector;

a negative current collector;

an active material layer provided on the positive current collector, the active material layer comprising a first active material for doping and de-doping lithium ions and a second active material for doping and de-doping lithium ions, the second active material exhibiting charge and discharge capacity below a corrosion potential of the negative current collector, the first active material comprising a material that includes lithium and the second active material comprising a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃ or a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄; and

an active material comprising a lithium titanate material provided on the negative current collector for doping and de-doping lithium ions.

24. The lithium-ion battery of claim 23, wherein the lithium titanate material comprises Li₄Ti₅O₁₂.

25. The lithium-ion battery of claim 23, wherein the first active material comprising the material that includes lithium comprises LiCoO₂.

26. The lithium-ion battery of claim 25, wherein the negative current collector comprises copper.

27. The lithium-ion battery of claim 25, wherein the negative current collector comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, and aluminum.

28. The lithium-ion battery of claim 25, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃.

29. The lithium-ion battery of claim 25, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄.

30. The lithium-ion battery of claim 23, wherein the first active material comprises at least one of a material of the form LiCo_xNi₍₁₋

x)O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.8, a material in the form LiAl_xCo_yNi<sub>(1−

x−

y)</sub>O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, LiMn_1/3Ni_1/3O₂, LiMn_0.4Ni_0.4Co_0.2, or LiMn_0.1Ni_0.1Co_0.8O₂.

31. The lithium-ion battery of claim 30, wherein the negative current collector comprises copper.

32. The lithium-ion battery of claim 30, wherein the negative current collector comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, and aluminum.

33. The lithium-ion battery of claim 30, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃.

34. The lithium-ion battery of claim 30, wherein the second active material comprises a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄.

35. The lithium-ion battery of claim 23, wherein the lithium-ion battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.

36. The lithium-ion battery of claim 23, wherein the lithium-ion battery has a capacity of approximately 75 mAh.

37. A lithium-ion battery comprising:

a negative electrode having a current collector comprising copper and an active material comprising a lithium titanate material provided on the negative current collector; and

a positive electrode comprising a current collector comprising aluminum having a primary active material and a secondary active material provided on at least one side thereof, the primary active material comprising a compound that includes lithium and the secondary active material comprising a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃ or a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄ configured to provide charging and discharging capacity for the positive electrode below a corrosion potential of the negative current collector and above a decomposition potential of the primary active material;

whereby the lithium-ion battery may be discharged to near-zero-voltage conditions without degradation to the capacity of the battery when the battery is subsequently recharged.

38. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, wherein the lithium titanate material comprises Li₄Ti₅O₁₂.

39. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have zero voltage crossing potentials below the corrosion potential of the negative current collector and above the decomposition potential of the primary active material.

40. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, wherein the primary active material comprising the compound that includes lithium comprises LiCoO₂.

41. The lithium-ion battery of claim 40, wherein the secondary active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃.

42. The lithium-ion battery of claim 40, wherein the secondary active material comprises a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄.

43. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, wherein the primary active material comprises at least one of a material of the form LiCo_xNi₍₁₋

x)O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.08, a material of the form LiAl_xCo_yNi<sub>(1−

x−

y)</sub>O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.3 and y is between approximately 0.1 and 0.3, and LiCo_1/3Mn_1/3Ni_1/3O₂.

44. The lithium-ion battery of claim 43, wherein the secondary active material comprises a lithiated form of V₆O₁₃.

45. The lithium-ion battery of claim 43, wherein the secondary active material comprises a lithiated form of LiMn₂O₄.

46. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, further comprising a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

47. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, wherein the lithium-ion battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.

48. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, wherein the lithium-ion battery has a capacity between approximately 100 mAh and 400 mAh.

49. The lithium-ion battery of claim 37, wherein the lithium-ion battery has a capacity of approximately 150 mAh.