Method and apparatus for generation of an x-ray image

• US 7,822,255 B2
• Filed: 09/08/2006
• Issued: 10/26/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Siemens Healthcare GMBH (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Siemens AG
• Inventors: Schütz, Oliver
• Primary Examiner(s): Johns; Andrew W
• Application Number:
  US11/518,479
• Publication Number:
  US 20070058772A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,509 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 382/132
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/583 using calibration phantoms
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/04 and forming images of the material
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/32 Transforming X-rays cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from X-rays H04N23/30; circuitry of SSIS for transforming X-rays into image signals H04N25/30

Abstract

In a method and an apparatus for generation of an x-ray image of an examination subject, a subject image region exclusively reproducing the examination subject is identified in the image field of a first, complete x-ray image. A grayscale value range is identified in an intermediate image encompassing the entire image field and derived from the first x-ray image by digital image processing; and all image points whose grayscale value in the intermediate image lie within this grayscale value range are associated with the subject image region.

Claims

1. A method for generating an x-ray image of an examination subject, comprising the steps of:

obtaining a first x-ray image having an image field that contains a subject image region that contains only an image of an examination subject, said first x-ray image being comprised of a plurality of image points each exhibiting a greyscale value within a predetermined greyscale value range that is dependent on an image reproduction medium;

in a processor, digitally processing said first x-ray image to obtain an intermediate image encompassing said image field, said intermediate image being comprised of a plurality of image points equal to said plurality of image points of said first x-ray image, each exhibiting a grayscale value within said greyscale value range; and

in said processor, identifying said subject image region in said intermediate image by associating with said subject image region all image points in said intermediate image exhibiting respective grayscale values within said grayscale value range; and

making said intermediate image available at an output of the processor as a data file in a form for presentation at said image reproduction medium.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first x-ray image is obtained with an x-ray imaging system, and comprising, prior to obtaining said first x-ray image, obtaining a calibration image with said x-ray imaging system with no examination subject present, and deriving said intermediate image from said first x-ray image by generating a calibrated, second x-ray image by operating on said first said x-ray image with said calibration image, and deriving said intermediate image from said calibrated, second x-ray image.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 comprising deriving said intermediate image from said calibrated, second x-ray image by edge filtering said calibrated, second x-ray image to identify edge regions therein, and deleting said edge regions from the edge filtered, calibrated, second x-ray image to obtain an edge-reduced x-ray image as said intermediate image.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising deriving said intermediate image from said first x-ray image by edge filtering said first x-ray image to identify edge regions therein, and deleting said edge regions from the edge filtered first x-ray image to obtain an edge-reduced x-ray image as said intermediate image.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising identifying said grayscale value range by generating a grayscale histogram representing a frequency of occurrence of the grayscale values in said intermediate image and assigning an artificial frequency of occurrence of zero to all grayscale values in said histogram having an actual frequency of occurrence that is below a predetermined threshold, said grayscale value range then comprising all grayscale values in said histogram having a non-zero frequency of occurrence.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein determining said image points exhibiting respective grayscale values in said grayscale value range includes generating a grayscale value histogram representing a frequency of occurrence of the grayscale values in said intermediate image, identifying a maximum grayscale value in said histogram, and determining whether said maximum grayscale value is less than or equal to a maximum possible grayscale value of a dynamic range available for said intermediate image.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein, if said maximum grayscale value in said histogram is less than said maximum possible grayscale value, executing a first search, in a first search interval of said histogram adjoining said maximum grayscale value, for a grayscale value M occurring in said first search interval with a maximum frequency of occurrence, and executing a second search, in a second search interval in said histogram adjoining and below said grayscale value, said second search proceeding through increasingly smaller grayscale values in said second search interval, for a first grayscale value in said second search interval that falls below a predetermined threshold, and identifying said first grayscale value found in said second search as an upper grayscale value of said grayscale value range.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein said upper grayscale value is a first upper grayscale value of a first grayscale value range for image points associated with a first subject image region, and comprising executing a further search in said grayscale value histogram, in a direction towards smaller grayscale values starting from said first upper grayscale value, for a first grayscale value in which said threshold is exceeded, and identifying said first grayscale value in said further search as a second upper grayscale value of a second grayscale value range for image points associated with a second subject image region.

9. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein said maximum grayscale value in said histogram is equal to said maximum possible grayscale value, and executing a search, in a search interval in said grayscale value histogram having an upper limit formed by said maximum possible grayscale value, for a first grayscale value in said search interval having a frequency of occurrence below a predetermined threshold, and identifying said first grayscale value in said search as an upper grayscale of said grayscale value range.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein said upper grayscale value is a first upper grayscale value of a first grayscale value range for image points associated with a first subject image region, and comprising executing a further search in said grayscale value histogram, in a direction towards smaller grayscale values starting from said first upper grayscale value, for a first grayscale value in which said threshold is exceeded, and identifying said first grayscale value in said further search as a second upper grayscale value of a second grayscale value range for image points associated with a second subject image region.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising determining an average grayscale value of said subject image region, and using said average grayscale value to control a dose of x-ray radiation used to obtain a subsequent x-ray image, after said first x-ray image.

12. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising displaying said subject image region of said first x-ray image in a display representation with regions outside of said subject image region displayed as a virtual diaphragm with a uniformed display appearance.

13. A method as claimed in claim 1 comprising displaying said first x-ray image in an image reproduction having image reproduction grayscale values, and determining said image reproduction grayscale values exclusively from the grayscale value range for said subject image region.

14. An apparatus for generating an x-ray image of an examination subject, comprising:

an x-ray imaging system adapted to interact with an examination subject to obtain a first x-ray image having an image field that contains a subject image region that contains only an image of the examination subject, said first x-ray image being comprised of a plurality of image points each exhibiting a greyscale value within a predetermined greyscale value range that is dependent on an image reproduction medium;

a digital processor configured to process said first x-ray image to obtain an intermediate image encompassing said image field, said intermediate image being comprised of a plurality of image points each exhibiting a grayscale value, and to identify said subject image region in said intermediate image by associating with said subject image region all image points in said intermediate image exhibiting respective grayscale values within said grayscale value range; and

said digital processor being configured to make said intermediate image available at an output of the processor as a data file in a form for presentation at said image reproduction medium.

15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14 wherein said digital processor is configured to determine an average grayscale value of said subject image region, and to use said average grayscale value to control a dose of x-ray radiation used by said x-ray imaging system to obtain a subsequent x-ray image, after said first x-ray image.

16. A digital image processor for generating an x-ray image of an examination subject, said digital image processor being supplied with a first x-ray image having an image field that contains, a subject image region that contains only an image of an examination subject, said first x-ray image being comprised of a plurality of image points each exhibiting a greyscale value within a predetermined greyscale value range that is dependent on an image reproduction medium, said digital image processor being programmed to digitally process said first x-ray image to obtain an intermediate image encompassing said image field, said intermediate image being comprised of a plurality of image points equal to said plurality of image points of said first x-ray image, each exhibiting a grayscale value, and to identify said subject image region in said intermediate image by associating with said subject image region all image points in said intermediate image exhibiting respective grayscale values within said grayscale value range, and make said intermediate image available at an output of the processor as a data file in a form for presentation at said image reproduction medium.