Effective adaptive filtering techniques

• US 7,826,523 B2
• Filed: 03/31/2006
• Issued: 11/02/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Nemer, Elias J., Goslin, Gregory R., Said, Ahmed
• Primary Examiner(s): Ghayour; Mohammad H
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hassan; Sarah
• Application Number:
  US11/395,412
• Publication Number:
  US 20070230554A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,677 Days
• Field of Search: 375/232, 375/340, 375/233, 455/295
• US Class Current: 375/232
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 2021/0056 Non-recursive least squares algorithm [LMS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03356 Baseband transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03566 between different tapped delay line structures
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03694 Stop and go
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0307 using blind adaptation

Abstract

A noise level of an input signal is determined by a noise calculation module. based on the noise level, a boundary setting module sets a reduced constellation boundary interval. This reduced constellation boundary interval is employed by an equalizer to perform adaptive equalization of the input signal.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a noise calculation module to determine a noise level of an input signal;

a boundary setting module to store multiple boundary intervals, wherein each boundary interval corresponds to a particular noise level and to set a reduced constellation boundary interval based on the noise level; and

an equalizer to perform adaptive equalization on the input signal in accordance with the reduced constellation boundary interval wherein the equalizer comprises a slicer to generate a hard symbol associated with the input signal; and

wherein the boundary setting module is to set the reduced constellation boundary interval such that at least one of a probability ratio or a probability difference is greater than a respective predetermined threshold;

wherein the probability ratio is a ratio of a probability of the one or more hard symbols being correct to a probability of the one or more hard symbols being incorrect; and

wherein the probability difference is a difference between a probability of the hard symbol being correct and a probability of the hard symbol being incorrect is greater than a predetermined threshold.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the equalizer comprises:

one or more filters, each having a plurality of coefficients; and

a decision module to determine, based on the reduced constellation boundary interval and one or more soft symbols associated with the input signal, whether to adapt the coefficients of the one or more filters.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the boundary setting module comprises a plurality of stored boundary intervals for selection as the reduced constellation boundary interval, each stored boundary interval corresponding to a range of noise levels.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising an antenna to receive a wireless signal corresponding to the input signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a display to display one or more images corresponding to the input signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising memory to store information conveyed in the input signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising memory to store a plurality of boundary intervals for selection as the reduced constellation boundary interval, each stored boundary interval corresponding to a range of noise levels.

8. An apparatus, comprising:

a noise calculation module to determine a noise level of an input signal;

a slicer to generate a hard symbol associated with the input signal;

a boundary setting module to set a reduced constellation boundary interval based on the noise level, the boundary setting module including a plurality of stored boundary intervals for selection as the reduced constellation boundary interval, wherein each stored boundary interval corresponds to a range of noise levels;

one or more filters, each having a plurality of coefficients; and

a decision module to determine, based on the reduced constellation boundary interval and one or more soft symbols associated with the input signal, whether to adapt the coefficients of the one or more filters;

wherein the boundary setting module is to set the reduced constellation boundary interval such that at least one of a probability ratio or a probability difference is greater than a respective predetermined threshold;

wherein the probability ratio is a ratio of a probability of the one or more hard symbols being correct to a probability of the one or more hard symbols being incorrect; and

wherein the probability difference is a difference between a probability of the hard symbol being correct and a probability of the hard symbol being incorrect is greater than a predetermined threshold.

9. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

determining a noise level of an input signal in a noise calculation module;

generating a hard symbol associated with the input signal in a slicer;

storing multiple boundary intervals, wherein each boundary interval corresponds to a particular noise level;

setting a reduced constellation boundary interval from the stored multiple boundary levels based on the noise level in a boundary setting module such that at least one of a probability ratio or a probability difference is greater than a predetermined threshold;

wherein the probability ratio is a ratio of a probability of the one or more hard symbols being correct to a probability of the one or more hard symbols being incorrect; and

wherein the probability difference is a difference between a probability of the hard symbol being correct and a probability of the hard symbol being incorrect is greater than a predetermined threshold; and

performing adaptive equalization on the input signal in accordance with the reduced constellation boundary interval in a decision module.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein performing adaptive equalization on the input signal in accordance with the reduced constellation boundary interval comprises:

generating a soft symbol associated with the input signal;

determining, based on the reduced constellation boundary interval and the soft symbol, whether to adapt coefficients of one or more equalization filters.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein performing adaptive equalization on the input signal in accordance with the reduced constellation boundary interval comprises:

generating a soft symbol associated with the input signal;

adapting coefficients of one or more equalization filters when the soft symbol is within a reduced boundary according to the reduced constellation boundary interval; and

refraining from adaptation of the coefficients of the one or more equalization filters when the soft symbol is outside a reduced boundary according to the reduced constellation boundary interval.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein setting the reduced constellation boundary interval comprises changing the reduced constellation boundary interval in response to a change in the noise level.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the noise level of the input signal is performed at predetermined time intervals.

14. An article comprising a machine-readable storage medium containing instructions that if executed enable a system to:

determine a noise level of an input signal;

generate a hard symbol associated with the input signal;

store multiple boundary intervals, wherein each boundary interval corresponds to a particular noise level;

set a reduced constellation boundary interval from the stored multiple boundary levels based on the noise level such that at least one of a probability ratio or a probability difference is greater than a predetermined threshold;

wherein the probability ratio is a ratio of a probability of the one or more hard symbols being correct to a probability of the one or more hard symbols being incorrect; and

wherein the probability difference is a difference between a probability of the hard symbol being correct and a probability of the hard symbol being incorrect is greater than a predetermined threshold; and

perform adaptive equalization on the input signal in accordance with the reduced constellation boundary interval.

15. The article of claim 14, comprising instructions that if executed enable the system to:

generate a soft symbol associated with the input signal;

determine, based on the reduced constellation boundary interval and the soft symbol, whether to adapt coefficients of one or more equalization filters.

16. The article of claim 14, comprising instructions that if executed enable the system to:

adapt coefficients of one or more equalization filters when the soft symbol is within a reduced boundary according to the reduced constellation boundary interval; and

refrain from adapting the coefficients of the one or more equalization filters when the soft symbol is outside a reduced boundary according to the reduced constellation boundary interval.

17. The article of claim 14, comprising instructions that if executed enable the system to change the reduced constellation boundary interval in response to a change in the noise level.

18. The article of claim 14, comprising instructions that if executed enable the system to determine the noise level of the input signal at predetermined time intervals.