Composite armor having a layered metallic matrix and dually embedded ceramic elements

• US 7,833,627 B1
• Filed: 03/27/2008
• Issued: 11/16/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: United States of America Represented By Secretary of The Navy Chief of Naval Research Office of
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Ferrando, William A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Austin; Aaron
• Application Number:
  US12/082,192
• Time in Patent Office: 964 Days
• Field of Search: 428/614, 428/911, 89/360.2
• US Class Current: 428/416
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 5/0442 Layered armour containing metal in combination with ceramic layers F41H5/0421; heat treatment of armour plate C21D9/42
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 5/0492 Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/911 Penetration resistant layer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31522 Next to metal

Abstract

According to typical inventive practice, a first metallic material is poured into a mold including a bottom inside surface having regularly arrayed rises (truncated spherical convexities). The molten first metallic material cools and solidifies to include a surface correspondingly having regularly arrayed dents (truncated spherical concavities). The resultant “inner casting” is removed from and repositioned in the mold so that the inner casting'"'"'s dent-laden surface faces upward. Ceramic spheres are placed in the dents. A second metallic material (having a higher melting point than the first metallic material) is poured into the mold with the inner casting and spheres in place. The molten second metallic material cools and solidifies as an “outer casting” surrounding the inner casting and the spheres. The resultant integral armor structure includes the inner casting, the outer casting, and the spheres, each sphere embedded partially in the inner casting and partially in the outer casting.

Claims

1. A composite ballistic armor system comprising metallic matrix material and plural embedment elements embedded in the metallic matrix material,

the metallic matrix material including a first metallic matrix material and a second metallic matrix material that differs from the first metallic matrix material, the metallic matrix material configured to include a first metallic matrix layer and a second metallic matrix layer adjacent to the first metallic matrix layer, the first metallic matrix layer constituted of the first metallic matrix material, the second metallic matrix layer constituted of the second metallic matrix material,

each embedment element partially embedded in the first metallic matrix layer and partially embedded in the second metallic matrix layer, and

the embedment elements non-contiguously spaced apart from each other to describe a coplanar array.

2. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 1 wherein the embedment elements are each composed of at least one material selected from the group consisting of a metallic material, a ceramic material and a polymeric material.

3. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 1 wherein each embedment element includes a ceramic core and a metallic coating.

4. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 1 wherein each embedment element is:

spherical and characterized by a diameter;

embedded in the first metallic matrix layer between approximately one-third and one-half of the diameter; and

embedded in the second metallic matrix layer between approximately one-half and two-thirds of the diameter.

5. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 4 wherein the spherical embedment elements are:

approximately equal in diameter;

about equally embedded in the first metallic matrix layer and in the second metallic matrix layer; and

have a composition including at least one of a ceramic material, a metallic material, and a polymeric material.

6. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 4 wherein:

the metallic matrix material is configured to include a third metallic matrix layer adjacent the second metallic matrix layer, the second metallic matrix layer situated between the first metallic matrix layer and the third metallic matrix layer, the third metallic matrix layer constituted of the first metallic matrix material.

7. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 6 wherein:

the metallic matrix material is configured to include some of the first metallic matrix material along substantially the entire periphery of the second metallic matrix layer, substantially the entire exterior of the metallic matrix material thereby formed of the first metallic matrix material.

8. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 6 wherein:

each of the embedment elements is spherical;

the third metallic matrix layer is characterized by plural truncated-spherical depressions in the exterior of the metallic matrix material, the truncated-spherical depressions corresponding to the spherical embedment elements.

9. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 8 wherein:

the metallic matrix material is configured to include first metallic matrix material along substantially the entire periphery of the second metallic matrix layer, substantially the entire exterior of the metallic matrix material thereby formed by the first metallic matrix material.

10. The composite ballistic armor system of claim 9 wherein the embedment elements are:

spherical and approximately congruent; and

composed of at least one of a ceramic material and a polymeric material.