Substrates, systems and methods for analyzing materials
First Claim
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1. A system for analyzing an analyte, comprising:
- a substrate comprising a first surface and at least a first optical waveguide disposed upon the first surface;
at least a first light source optically coupled to the at least first waveguide to direct light into the first waveguide; and
an optical detection system positioned to receive and detect an optical signal from an individual analyte disposed sufficiently proximal to the first surface and external to the waveguide to be illuminated by an evanescent field emanating from the waveguide when light from the light source is passed through the waveguide, wherein the individual analyte is immobilized on the first surface such that a signal from the individual analyte is optically resolvable from any other signal from any other analyte immobilized on the first surface and illuminated by the evanescent field.
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Abstract
Substrates, systems and methods for analyzing materials that include waveguide arrays disposed upon or within the substrate such that evanescent fields emanating from the waveguides illuminate materials disposed upon or proximal to the surface of the substrate, permitting analysis of such materials. The substrates, systems and methods are used in a variety of analytical operations, including, inter alia, nucleic acid analysis, including hybridization and sequencing analyses, cellular analyses and other molecular analyses.
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Citations
19 Claims
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1. A system for analyzing an analyte, comprising:
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a substrate comprising a first surface and at least a first optical waveguide disposed upon the first surface; at least a first light source optically coupled to the at least first waveguide to direct light into the first waveguide; and an optical detection system positioned to receive and detect an optical signal from an individual analyte disposed sufficiently proximal to the first surface and external to the waveguide to be illuminated by an evanescent field emanating from the waveguide when light from the light source is passed through the waveguide, wherein the individual analyte is immobilized on the first surface such that a signal from the individual analyte is optically resolvable from any other signal from any other analyte immobilized on the first surface and illuminated by the evanescent field. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A system for analyzing an analyte, comprising:
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a substrate comprising a first surface and at least a first optical waveguide disposed upon the first surface, wherein the substrate comprises a plurality of optical waveguides disposed upon the first surface of the substrate, and further wherein the plurality of optical waveguides are spaced apart portions of the substrate having a higher refractive index than the substrate has between the plurality of optical waveguides; at least a first light source optically coupled to the at least first waveguide to direct light into the first waveguide; and an optical detection system positioned to receive and detect an optical signal from an individual analyte disposed sufficiently proximal to the first surface and external to the waveguide to be illuminated by an evanescent field emanating from the waveguide when light from the light source is passed through the waveguide, wherein the individual analyte is immobilized on the first surface such that a signal from the individual analyte is optically resolvable from any other signal from any other analyte immobilized on the first surface and illuminated by the evanescent field. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19)
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Specification