Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag including a three-dimensional loop antenna

• US 7,847,697 B2
• Filed: 06/20/2008
• Issued: 12/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 02/14/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Inventors: Egbert, William C., Banerjee, Swagata R., Misemer, David K., Sainati, Robert A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Tai T
• Application Number:
  US12/143,573
• Publication Number:
  US 20090207027A1
• Time in Patent Office: 900 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572.7, 340/572.8, 340/572.4, 340/572.1, 340/573.4, 235/375, 235/385, 235/492
• US Class Current: 340/572.7
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07749 the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07771 the record carrier comprising means for minimising adverse effects on the data communication capability of the record carrier, e.g. minimising Eddy currents induced in a proximate metal or otherwise electromagnetically interfering object

Abstract

This disclosure describes a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag that includes a three-dimensional (3D) loop antenna. The 3D loop antenna includes a first conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness. The length and width of the first conductive portion substantially lie in a first plane. The 3D loop antenna includes a second conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness. The length and width of the second conductive portion substantially lie in a second plane that is substantially parallel to the first plane. An RFID circuit electrically connected to the loop antenna excites a current through the first and second conductive portions in a current loop that lies in a third plane that is not substantially parallel to the first and second planes. In some instances the third plane may be substantially perpendicular to the first and second planes.

Claims

1. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag comprising:

a loop antenna that includes;

a first conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness of the first conductive portion, wherein the length and width of the first conductive portion substantially lie in a first plane, at least a portion of the first conductive portion forming a tuning element for tuning an impedance of the loop antenna; and

a second conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness of the second conductive portion, wherein the length and width of the second conductive portion substantially lie in a second plane that is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second conductive portion being electrically coupled to the first conductive portion; and

an RFID circuit electrically connected to the loop antenna, wherein a current is excited through the loop antenna to flow through the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion in a current loop that lies in a third plane that is substantially perpendicular to the first plane and the second plane.

2. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the RFID tag is configured such that the third plane is substantially perpendicular to a surface of an article when attached to the surface of the article.

3. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the second conductive portion couples to a conductive surface of an article to form the current loop that lies in the third plane.

4. The RFID tag of claim 3, wherein the second conductive portion includes a pair of contact points that couple to the conductive surface to form the current loop.

5. The RFID tag of claim 3, wherein the second conductive portion electrically couples to the conductive surface of the article to form the current loop.

6. The RFID tag of claim 3, wherein the second conductive portion electromagnetically couples to the conductive surface of the article to form the current loop.

7. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the RFID tag is configured such that the current flowing through the loop antenna induces a current on a conductive surface of an article to which the RFID tag is attached to enhance a magnetic field generated by the loop antenna.

8. The RFID tag of claim 7, wherein the current induced on the conductive surface of the article substantially doubles an area enclosed by the current loop of the loop antenna.

9. The RFID tag of claim 1, the loop antenna defining a length, wherein the RFID circuit is centered along the length.

10. The RFID tag of claim 1, the loop antenna defining a length, wherein the RFID circuit is offset from a center of the length of the loop antenna.

11. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the first conductive portion includes at least one slit that forms a gap in the first conductive portion that functions as the tuning element for tuning the impedance of the antenna to substantially match an impedance of the RFID circuit to which the antenna is coupled.

12. The RFID tag of claim 11, wherein the RFID circuit is coupled to the first conductive portion of the loop antenna at a location offset from a center of the loop antenna and the slit that forms the gap in the first conductive portion of the loop antenna is offset from the RFID circuit in the same direction as the RFID circuit is offset from the center of the loop antenna.

13. The RFID tag of claim 12, further comprising a non-conductive material separating the overlapping conductive traces.

14. The RFID tag of claim 12, wherein the RFID circuit is coupled to the first conductive portion of the loop antenna at a location offset from a center of the loop antenna and the overlapping conductive traces are offset from the RFID circuit in the same direction as the RFID circuit is offset from the center of the loop antenna.

15. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first conductive trace that substantially overlaps at least a portion of a second conductive trace to form the tuning element for tuning the impedance of the antenna to substantially match an impedance of the RFID circuit to which the antenna is coupled.

16. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the loop antenna is tuned to operate in an ultra high frequency (UHF) range of the radio spectrum.

17. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the length of the first conductive portion and the length of the second conductive portion are at least approximately 50 millimeters (mm), the width of the first conductive portion and the width of the second conductive portion are between approximately 12-50 mm, and the thickness of the first and second conductive portion is less than approximately 1 mm.

18. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the loop antenna defines an inner space, the RFID tag further comprising a spacer material disposed within the inner space.

19. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the RFID circuit comprises one of an integrated circuit (IC), a surface acoustic wave (SAW), and an organic circuit.

20. A radio frequency identification (RFID) system comprising:

a reader unit configured to output an interrogating radio frequency (RF) field; and

an RFID tag comprising;

a loop antenna that includes;

a first conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness of the first conductive portion, wherein the length and width of the first conductive portion substantially lie in a first plane, at least a portion of the first conductive portion forming a tuning element for tuning an impedance of the loop antenna; and

a second conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness of the second conductive portion, wherein the length and width of the second conductive portion substantially lie in a second plane that is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second conductive portion being electrically coupled to the first conductive portion; and

an RFID circuit electrically connected to the loop antenna, wherein a current is excited through the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion in a current loop that lies in a third plane that is substantially perpendicular to the first plane and the second plane to output an RF signal in response to the interrogating RF signal.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the RFID tag is configured such that the third plane is substantially perpendicular to a surface of an article when attached to the surface of the article.

22. The system of claim 20, wherein the second conductive portion couples to a conductive surface of an article to form the current loop that lies in the third plane.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the second conductive portion includes a pair of contact points that couple to the conductive surface.

24. The system of claim 22, wherein the second conductive portion couples to the conductive surface of the article to form the current loop via one of an electrical coupling and an electromagnetic coupling.

25. The system of claim 20, wherein the RFID tag is configured such that the current flowing through the loop antenna induces a current on a conductive surface of an article to which the RFID tag is attached to enhance a magnetic field generated by the loop antenna.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the current induced on the conductive surface of the article substantially doubles the magnetic field of the loop antenna.

27. The system of claim 20, the loop antenna defining a length, wherein the IC chip is centered along the length.

28. The system of claim 20, the loop antenna defining a length, wherein the IC chip is offset from a center of the length of the loop antenna.

29. The system of claim 20, wherein the first conductive portion includes at least one slit that forms a gap in the first conductive portion that functions as the tuning element for tuning the impedance of the antenna to substantially match an impedance of the RFID circuit to which the antenna is coupled.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein the RFID circuit is coupled to the first conductive portion of the loop antenna at a location offset from a center of the loop antenna and the slit that forms the gap in the first conductive portion of the loop antenna is offset from the RFID circuit in the same direction as the RFID circuit is offset from the center of the loop antenna.

31. The system of claim 20, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first conductive trace that substantially overlaps at least a portion of a second conductive trace to form the tuning element for tuning the impedance of the antenna to substantially match an impedance of the RFID circuit to which the antenna is coupled.

32. The system of claim 31, further comprising a non-conductive material separating the overlapping conductive traces.

33. The system of claim 31, wherein the RFID circuit is coupled to the first conductive portion of the loop antenna at a location offset from a center of the loop antenna and the overlapping conductive traces are offset from the RFID circuit in the same direction as the RFID circuit is offset from the center of the loop antenna.

34. The system of claim 20, wherein the loop antenna operates in an ultra high frequency (UHF) range of the radio spectrum.

35. The system of claim 20, wherein the length of the first conductive portion and the length of the second conductive portion are at least approximately 50 millimeters (mm), the width of the first conductive portion and the width of the second conductive portion are between approximately 12-50 mm, and the thickness of the first and second conductive portion is less than approximately 1 mm.

36. An article comprising:

an electrically conductive surface; and

an radio frequency identification (RFID) tag coupled to the electrically conductive surface of the article, the RFID tag comprising;

a loop antenna comprising;

a first conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness of the first conductive portion, wherein the length and width of the first conductive portion substantially lie in a first plane, at least a portion of the first conductive portion forming a tuning element for tuning an impedance of the loop antenna; and

a second conductive portion having a length and width that substantially exceed a thickness of the second conductive portion, wherein the length and width of the second conductive portion substantially lie in a second plane that is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second conductive portion being electrically coupled to the first conductive portion; and

an RFID circuit electrically connected to the loop antenna, wherein a current is excited through the loop antenna to flow through the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion in a current loop that lies in a third plane that is not substantially parallel to the electrically conductive surface of the article.

37. The article of claim 36, wherein the RFID tag is configured such that the third plane is substantially perpendicular to the electrically conductive surface of the article.

38. The article of claim 36, wherein the second conductive portion couples to the electrically conductive surface of the article to form the current loop that lies in the third plane.

39. The article of claim 38, wherein the second conductive portion includes a pair of contact points that couple to the electrically conductive surface of the article.

40. The article of claim 38, wherein the second conductive portion couples to the electrically conductive surface of the article to form the current loop via one of an electrical coupling and an electromagnetic coupling.

41. The article of claim 36, wherein the RFID tag is configured such that the current flowing through the loop antenna induces a current on the electrically conductive surface of the article to enhance a magnetic field generated by the loop antenna.

42. The article of claim 41, wherein the current induced on the electrically conductive surface of the article substantially doubles the magnetic field of the loop antenna.

43. The article of claim 36, wherein the first conductive portion includes at least one slit that forms a gap in the first conductive portion that functions as the tuning element for tuning the impedance of the antenna to substantially match an impedance of the RFID circuit to which the antenna is coupled.

44. The article of claim 43, wherein the RFID circuit is coupled to the first conductive portion of the loop antenna at a location offset from a center of the loop antenna and the slit that forms the gap in the first conductive portion of the loop antenna is offset from the RFID circuit in the same direction as the RFID circuit is offset from the center of the loop antenna.

45. The article of claim 36, wherein the first conductive portion includes a first conductive trace that substantially overlaps at least a portion of a second conductive trace to form the tuning element for tuning the impedance of the antenna to substantially match an impedance of the RFID circuit to which the antenna is coupled.

46. The article of claim 45, further comprising a non-conductive material separating the overlapping conductive traces.

47. The article of claim 45, wherein the RFID circuit is coupled to the first conductive portion of the loop antenna at a location offset from a center of the loop antenna and the overlapping conductive traces are offset from the RFID circuit in the same direction as the RFID circuit is offset from the center of the loop antenna.