Identifying or locating waveguides

• US 7,848,645 B2
• Filed: 09/20/2005
• Issued: 12/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: British Telecommunications PLC (BT Group PLC)
• Original Assignee: British Telecommunications PLC (BT Group PLC)
• Inventors: Heatley, David J T, Shackleton, Mark A, Sikora, Edmund S R, Healey, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Li; Shi K
• Application Number:
  US11/663,957
• Publication Number:
  US 20070264012A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,904 Days
• Field of Search: 398/13, 398/16
• US Class Current: 398/16
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/071 using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/079 using measurements of the data signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/85 Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection

Abstract

The location or identification of a waveguide is determined, in particular where a disturbance is applied to the optical waveguide. This is achieved by: (a) monitoring the waveguide at a first location to sense a disturbance along the waveguide; (b) causing a disturbance to the waveguide at a second location; (c) transmitting a sensor signal to the second location; and (d) inferring, from the sensor signal, the presence or identity of the waveguide at the second location.

Claims

1. A method of locating or identifying a waveguide, the method comprising:

(a) monitoring the waveguide at a first position by transmitting sensing signals onto the waveguide, which sensing signals are in the form of pairs of signal copies introduced onto the waveguide with a time delay relative to one another, to sense a disturbance along the waveguide;

(b) causing a disturbance to the waveguide at a second position;

(c) transmitting a sensor signal from the first position responsive to said monitoring of the waveguide sensing a disturbance of the waveguide; and

(d) inferring, from the sensor signal, the presence or identity of the waveguide at the second position, the inference being made at the second position, wherein at least some of the sensing signals that have traveled at least to the second position are caused to return to the first position; and

wherein returned signal copies of respective pairs are temporally re-aligned.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein interferometer means having a path difference associated therewith are used to cause the time delay between signal copies of a pair.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein signal copies of a pair are introduced in the same sense along the waveguide.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein signal copies of a pair are introduced at a common point along the waveguide.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disturbance is caused by striking the waveguide.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein an audio signal is used to generate an audible signal representative of the disturbance.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein sensing signals are returned by reflector means and or a process of distributed backscattering in a portion of the waveguide.

8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disturbance is applied to each of a plurality of waveguides, at least one of the waveguides being sensed for the disturbance, the identity of the sensed waveguide being inferred from the received sensor signal.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second positions are located at respective first and second locations, which locations are geographically separate, the sensor signal being transmitted from the first location to the second location by wireless means.

10. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising determining the path length of the fibre between the first location and the second location.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disturbance is generated by transmitting acoustic vibrations through a fluid medium.

12. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fluid medium is a liquid.

13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the acoustic vibrations transmitted from a flotation structure.

14. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the flotation structure is a ship.

15. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the waveguide is a subsea waveguide and the acoustic vibrations are sonar vibrations.

16. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waveguide is configured to carry the sensing signals in a single mode fashion.

17. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor signal is received at the second location, such that the determination of the presence of the waveguide can be made at the second location.

18. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waveguide is an optical fibre.

19. A method of locating or identifying a waveguide, the method comprising:

(a) monitoring the waveguide at a first position by transmitting sensing signals onto the waveguide, which sensing signals are in the form of pairs of signal copies introduced onto the waveguide with a time delay relative to one another, to sense a disturbance along the waveguide;

(b) causing a disturbance to the waveguide at a second position;

(c) transmitting a sensor signal from the first position responsive to said monitoring of the waveguide sensing a disturbance of the waveguide; and

(d) inferring, from the sensor signal, the presence or identity of the waveguide at the second position, the inference being made at the second position, wherein at least some of the sensing signals that have traveled at least to the second position are caused to return to the first position;

wherein interferometer means having a path difference associated therewith are used to cause the relative time delay between signal copies of a pair;

and wherein the interferometer means is used to temporally re-align the returned signal copies of a pair.

20. A method of locating or identifying a waveguide, the method comprising:

(a) monitoring the waveguide at a first position to sense a disturbance along the waveguide;

(b) causing a disturbance to the waveguide at a second position;

(c) transmitting a sensor signal from the first position responsive to said monitoring of the waveguide sensing a disturbance of the waveguide;

(d) inferring, from the sensor signal, the presence or identity of the waveguide at the second position, the inference being made at the second position,

(e) determining the path length of the fibre between the first location and the second location;

(f) causing a disturbance to the fibre at a third location;

(g) evaluating the difference in the path length of the fibre between the second and third locations; and

(h) if a difference in path length exceeds the geographical distance between the second and third locations, generating an alert signal.

21. A method of locating or identifying a waveguide, the method comprising:

(a) monitoring the waveguide at a first position to sense a disturbance along the waveguide;

(b) causing a disturbance to the waveguide at a second position;

(c) transmitting a sensor signal from the first position responsive to said monitoring of the waveguide sensing a disturbance of the waveguide; and

(d) inferring, from the sensor signal, the presence or identity of the waveguide at the second position, the inference being made at the second position, and

(e) determining the path length of the fibre between the first location and the second location;

wherein the path length is determined by;

copying, at least in part, an output signal from a source, such that there is a pair of signal copies;

transmitting the signal copies onto the waveguide;

receiving from the transmission link at least partially returned signal copies previously transmitted thereon;

combining the received signal copies of a transmitted pair so as to produce a combination signal; and

using a temporal characteristic in the combination signal to evaluate the position of the disturbance on the transmission link.

22. A method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the temporal characteristic includes the time at which a disturbance feature occurs in the combination signal.

23. Apparatus for locating or identifying an optical fibre, the apparatus comprising:

a monitoring station for monitoring a waveguide at a first position so as to sense a disturbance along the waveguide, the monitoring station being arranged to transmit a sensor signal indicative of a sensed disturbance, said sensor signal being transmitted in response to a sensed disturbance;

and a receiver station for receiving the transmitted sensor signal at a second position, such that the presence of the waveguide can be inferred at the second position from the received sensor signal,

wherein the monitoring station includes a transmission stage for transmitting, onto the waveguide, pairs of signal copies such that the signal copies of a given pair have a time offset relative to one another, and wherein the monitoring station includes a receiving stage for receiving signal copies previously transmitted onto the waveguide, the receiving stage being arranged, for received pairs, to cause one signal copy of a pair to mix with the other signal copy of that pair.

24. Apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein the sensor signal comprises an audio signal, and wherein the receiver station includes an audio output device for converting the audio signal into an audible sound representative of the audio signal.

25. Apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein the monitoring station and the receiver station respectively include wireless transmitter and receiver means such that the sensor signal can be wirelessly transmitted from the monitoring station to the receiver station.

26. Apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein the transmission stage and the receiving stage are formed in common by an interferometer stage.