Providing a reliable operating system for clients of a net-booted environment

• US 7,849,169 B2
• Filed: 06/18/2007
• Issued: 12/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Prouse, Craig Harvey, Resch, Paul M., Haun, C. K., Sokol, Joseph Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Winder; Patrice L
• Assistant Examiner(s): Pollack; Melvin H
• Application Number:
  US11/820,234
• Publication Number:
  US 20070250610A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,268 Days
• Field of Search: 709/203, 709219-222, 709/226, 709/229, 709/248, 713/1, 713/2, 713/100, 714/15, 717/174, 717/168, 717/169, 717/172, 717/175, 717/177, 707/10, 707/104.1, 707202-204, 707/610, 707/638, 707/646, 707/647, 707/650, 707/653, 707/827, 707/829, 711/161, 711/162, 711/205, 360/22, 360/48
• US Class Current: 709/222
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/00 Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units program control for peripheral devices G06F13/10
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/4416 Network booting; Remote initial program loading [RIPL]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/00 Data switching networks interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units G06F13/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/413 with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/00 Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0806 for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/10 in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network software deployment G06F8/60; multiprogramming arrangements G06F9/46
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/306 User profiles
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/34 involving the movement of software or configuration parameters network booting or remote initial program loading [RIPL] G06F9/4416
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols

Abstract

A method and apparatus are provided for supplying a reliable and maintainable operating system in a net-booted environment. According to one embodiment, a network computer (NC) client boots from a boot image provided by an NC server. The boot image includes information identifying the location of one or more system volumes on the NC server that contain operating system software. In response to an attempt to modify the contents of the one or more system volumes, the NC client causes information identifying the modification to be recorded on the NC server separate from the one or more system volumes in a storage area associated with the NC client.

Claims

1. A computer implemented method comprising:

a network computer (NC) client booting from a boot image provided by an NC server, the boot image including information identifying a location of one or more system volumes on the NC server, the one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client; and

in response to an attempt to modify contents of the one or more system volumes, the NC client causing information identifying a modification associated with the attempt to be recorded on the NC server separate from the one or more system volumes in a storage area associated with the NC client, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting information identifying a user of the NC client to the NC server;

receiving information identifying the user'"'"'s desktop environment preferences from the NC server; and

customizing a desktop environment of the NC client in accordance with the user'"'"'s desktop environment preferences.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more system volumes are presented to the NC client as a split operating system including a core operating system volume that can be read but not written by the NC client and the user operating system volume that can be read and/or written by the NC client, wherein the storage area associated with the NC client comprises a shadow volume corresponding to the user operating system volume, and wherein the NC client causing information identifying the modification associated with the attempt to be recorded comprises tracking modifications to the user operating system volume in the shadow volume.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to booting from the boot image provided by the NC server, (1) the NC client initiating a boot process by booting into a local memory of the NC client, (2) the NC client transmitting a boot request to the NC server, and (3) the NC client receiving the boot image from the NC server.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein booting from the boot image provided by the NC server further includes the NC client locally executing the boot image and mounting the one or more system volumes.

6. A network computer (NC) client comprising:

a bootstrapping means for booting from a boot image provided by an NC server, the boot image including information identifying a location of one or more system volumes on the NC server, the one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client; and

a redirecting means, responsive to an attempt to modify contents of the one or more system volumes, for causing information identifying a modification associated with the attempt to be recorded on the NC server separate from the one or more system volumes in a storage area associated with the NC client, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

7. The NC client of claim 6, further comprising a banding means for incorporating the modification within one or more bands comprising a predetermined number of blocks.

8. A computer-implemented method comprising:

a network computer (NC) client booting from a boot image provided by an NC server, the boot image including information identifying a location of one or more system volumes on the NC server, the one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client;

the NC client mounting the one or more system volumes; and

in response to a write request from a file system of the NC client that contains a modification to the one or more system volumes, a block device driver of the NC client redirecting the write request and causing information identifying the modification to be recorded on the NC server in a storage area associated with the NC client that is separate from the one or more system volumes, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

9. A computer-implemented method comprising:

a network computer (NC) client booting from a boot image provided by an NC server, the boot image including information identifying a location of one or more system volumes on the NC server, the one or more system volumes containing operating system software that has one or more customizable attributes; and

in response to a change to an attribute of the one or more customizable attributes, the NC client causing information identifying the change to be recorded on the NC server in a storage area associated with the NC client that is separate and distinct from the one or more system volumes, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

10. A computer-implemented method comprising:

a network computer (NC) server providing a boot image to an NC client, the boot image including information identifying a location on the NC server of one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client; and

in response to a write request from the NC client that contains a modification to the operating system software, the NC server recording information identifying the modification on the NC server in a storage area associated with the NC client that is separate from the one or more system volumes, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the NC server maintaining the one or more system volumes as a split operating system including a single core operating system volume that can be read but not written by the NC client and a user operating system volume that can be both read and written by the NC client.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the storage area associated with the NC client contains a non-persistent shadow volume corresponding to the user operating system volume to which modifications to the user operating system volume are recorded.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising storing information from the shadow volume to a persistent, user-specific storage area for use in a subsequent user session.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

receiving information identifying the user of the NC client; and

providing the NC client with information indicative of the user'"'"'s desktop environment by accessing the persistent, user-specific storage area.

15. A network computer (NC) server comprising:

a boot server means for providing a boot image to an NC client, the boot image including information identifying a location on the NC server of one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client; and

a storage management means for recording information identifying a modification to the operating system software in a storage area associated with the NC client that is separate from the one or more system volumes, the storage management means operative in response to a write request from the NC client that contains the modification, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

16. A machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon data representing sequences of instructions, the sequences of instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform:

providing a boot image to a network computer (NC) client, the boot image including information identifying a location on an NC server of one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client; and

in response to a write request from the NC client that contains a modification to the operating system software, recording information identifying the modification in a storage area associated with the NC client that is separate from the one or more system volumes, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

17. In a network computer (NC) system, a method comprising:

an NC server providing a boot image to an NC client, the boot image including information identifying a location on the NC server of one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client;

the NC client booting from the boot image provided by the NC server;

the NC client mounting the one or more system volumes;

in response to a write request from a file system of the NC client that contains a modification to the one or more system volumes, a block device driver of the NC client redirecting the write request to a storage area on the NC server that is associated with the NC client and which is separate from the one or more system volumes;

the NC server receiving the write request from the NC client; and

the NC server causing information identifying the modification to be recorded in the storage area associated with the NC client, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.

18. A network computer (NC) system comprising:

an NC server configured to provide a boot image to one or more NC clients associated with the NC system, the boot image including information identifying a location on the NC server of one or more system volumes containing operating system software to establish an operating environment for the NC client; and

an NC client coupled in communication with the NC server, the NC client configured to receive and boot from the boot image, the NC client including a file system process and a block device driver, the block device driver configured to redirect write requests directed to the one or more system volumes to a storage area on the NC server that is associated with the NC client and which is separate from the one or more system volumes, wherein the recorded information identifying the modification is stored in a separate volume separated from the one or more system volumes, wherein the separate volume is partitioned into a plurality of bands, each band having a predetermined number of blocks, wherein the separate volume is written in a band increments rather than as an entire file, wherein a modification to a file in the one or more system volumes is partitioned into one or more bands and only those bands that have actually been modified are stored in one or more bands of the separate volume, and wherein the modified bands of the file in the one or more system volumes and the corresponding one or more bands of the separate volume are mapped by a band table.