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Fully articulated and comprehensive air and fluid distribution, metering, and control method and apparatus for primary movers, heat exchangers, and terminal flow devices

  • US 7,854,135 B2
  • Filed: 01/14/2008
  • Issued: 12/21/2010
  • Est. Priority Date: 05/03/2005
  • Status: Expired due to Fees
First Claim
Patent Images

1. A method for monitoring and controlling OA/RA (Outdoor Air / Return Air) content of TA (Total Air) by multi-point temperature sensing whereindry and wet bulb temperature of OA/JRA air streams are measured independently prior to entering a mixing box;

  • dry and wet bulb MA (Mixed Air) temperatures are measured inside the mixing box; and

    downstream of a heat exchanger through a multi-point traverse where air is not stratified;

    a calculating step is performed to determine enthalpy change of each air stream as an initial and final state point and path function, from OA to MA, from RA to MA, and from MA to TA, the final discharge downstream of a heat exchanger;

    a calculating step is performed to determine quantities of OA/RA content of TA, where any of the unknowns;

    OA, RA, MA, or TA are determined by a quantum evaluation of both latent and sensible heat content from the airstreams per ton of heat exchange temperature differential in BTUH (British Thermal Units per Hour) occurring in a given time frame from point to point of each path as may be timed by an internal clock;

    where one ton of cooling corresponds to 12,000 BTUH;

    where one ton heat of rejection corresponds to 15,000 BTUH;

    where air quantity per ton CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) =12000 / 4.5 ×

    enthalpy differential of air;

    where mass flow = pounds per hour of dry air, plus or minus latent heat of vaporization or condensation;

    where this figure is corrected for temperature/density as deviating from standard air volume at 13.3 cubic feet per pound at density 0.075 lbs per cubic foot and specific heat 0.24;

    where pounds per hour mass flow of standard air =0.075 ×

    60 =4.5;

    where one short ton 2000 lbs / 4.5 =444.44 CFM of standard air, where BTUH = mass flow pounds per hour ×

    specific heat ×

    differential temperature;

    where one corrected ton of entering air as above is applied to the known face area of a heat exchange medium per one square foot for said coil or heat exchanger to determine total unit capacity over total face area square feet or other known effective area (K Factor) for Total Air delivered as expressed in CFM;

    where likewise one corrected ton of entering air (OA to MA or RA to MA) is applied over known area inlet openings to derive actual individual and Mixed Air quantities (OA +RA);

    where net differences in specific heat or net changes in enthalpy BTU per pound per degree of change adjusts these figures to establish actual quantity over time for a given path;

    where the final discharge air quantity from path MA to TA is determined downstream of the heat exchanger with BTUH Qtotal derived from this final path enthalpy differential;

    where one ton of fluid heat exchanger change corresponds to 2.4 GPM (Gallons Per Minute) of chilled water, or 3.0 GPM of condenser water (heat of rejection);

    where the GPM fluid flow quantity is determined through path in and out of heat exchanger with above conditions using equation GPM = Qtotal / 500×

    differential fluid temp (e.g. 1 ton 12,000 BTUH / 500 ×

    10 =2.4 gpm) or GPM = tons ×

    24 / temperature differential;

    where the heat exchanger may be a refrigerant gas or other fluid;

    where same mass flow tonnage capacity is applied with temperature/density. specific heat, and specific gravity correction at initial and final states;

    where the above capacities per ton may be adjusted to one short ton or one long ton;

    where the above paths may be redirected, re-quantified, and all variables arbitrarily set for a desired outcome to the final path TA or any individual path;

    modulating a damper position over said known area inlet openings to alter OA/ RA individual air quantities, MA Mixed Air quantities and subsequently, output of final path TA Total Air quantities based on input from said sensors and said calculating steps;

    modulating a refrigerant gas or other fluid valve position over heat exchanger output to alter GPM quantity or overall capacity per ton based on input from said sensors and said calculating steps;

    repeating said calculating steps across adjusted areas (changing coefficients) produced by said damper or valve throttling;

    modulating a primary mover to alter quantity or overall capacity per ton based on input from said sensing and calculating steps; and

    re-sampling data obtained from said sensing as needed to achieve stable condition of flow output capacity per designated or other arbitrary setting.

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