Systems and methods for power storage and management from intermittent power sources

• US 7,870,916 B2
• Filed: 01/08/2010
• Issued: 01/18/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 09/20/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Gatekeeper Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Gatekeeper Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Carter, Scott J.
• Primary Examiner(s): PHAN, HAU VAN
• Application Number:
  US12/684,687
• Publication Number:
  US 20100148582A1
• Time in Patent Office: 375 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.24, 180/65.29, 180/65.31, 180/220, 280/33.994, 280/216, 280/33.992, 310/75, 310/78, 310/67.R, 310/67.A
• US Class Current: 180/65.24
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/20 AC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/44 Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/36 of vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: F03G 5/06 other than of endless-walk type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4207 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4264 with capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1407 on vehicles not being driven by a motor, e.g. bicycles
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/342 The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging with circuits for polarity protection H02J7/0034
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/1846 structurally associated with wheels or associated parts dynamos arranged in the wheel hub of cycles B62J6/12
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

A power management system is disclosed. Embodiments of the power management system may be configured for use with an electric generator that produces AC or DC voltage from an energy source, which may be intermittent or fluctuating. One embodiment of the power management system includes an energy storage reservoir configured to be electrically coupled to the electric generator. The energy storage reservoir includes at least one ultracapacitor and at least one rechargeable battery. The power management system also includes an electronic controller configured to control storage in the reservoir of energy generated by the electric generator and to control power usage from the reservoir and the generator. The electronic controller is configured to control energy storage and power usage in response to one or more control signals.

Claims

1. A system for managing electrical power generated by an electric generator disposed on a human-propelled wheeled cart, the electric generator configured to generate electrical power from rotational motion of a wheel of the human-propelled wheeled cart, the system comprising:

an energy storage unit configured to be electrically coupled to the electric generator disposed in or on the human-powered wheeled cart, the energy storage unit comprising a capacitive storage unit and a rechargeable battery storage unit; and

electronic circuitry configured to be electrically coupled to the energy storage unit and the electric generator, the electronic circuitry configured to provide electrical power to electrical loads disposed in or on the cart from electric power generated by the electric generator, electric power stored by the energy storage unit, or electric power from both the electric generator and the energy storage unit, the electronic circuitry further configured to provide buffered power to the electrical loads on a first timescale and on a second timescale, the second timescale different from the first timescale,

wherein the first timescale corresponds to a discharge rate of the capacitive storage unit due to internal resistance and the second timescale corresponds to a recharge rate at which the battery storage unit can recharge the capacitive storage unit.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to receive a bipolar voltage from the electric generator.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to receive a fluctuating direct current voltage from the electric generator.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the capacitive storage unit comprises one or more ultracapacitors.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the capacitive storage unit comprises two or more ultracapacitors.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to provide power to the electric loads from a first ultracapacitor selected from the two or more ultracapacitors.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to provide power to the electric loads from a second ultracapacitor selected from the two or more ultracapacitors, the second ultracapacitor different from the first ultracapacitor.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to provide power to the electric loads from the first ultracapacitor and the second ultracapacitor in alternation.

9. The system of claim 5, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to charge balance at least two of the two or more ultracapacitors.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the rechargeable battery storage unit comprises one or more rechargeable batteries.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to provide power at a first voltage and at a second voltage, the second voltage different from the first voltage.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first voltage comprises a regulated voltage.

13. The system of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor, wherein the electronic circuitry is further configured to use a temperature from the temperature sensor to adjust for temperature dependence of the energy storage unit.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic circuitry is capable of selecting between charging the capacitive storage unit with energy from the electric generator or with energy from the battery storage unit.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic circuitry is capable of selecting between charging the battery storage unit with energy from the electric generator or with energy from the capacitive storage unit.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic circuitry is further configured to modulate voltage to the capacitive storage unit such that the modulated voltage does not exceed a maximum working voltage of the capacitive storage unit.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the electronic circuitry further comprises a comparator configured to modulate dynamic loads.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to modulate an electrical load applied to the electric generator such that the modulated voltage to the capacitive storage unit does not exceed the maximum working voltage.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to provide a first sustained power over the first timescale and a second sustained power over the second timescale, the first timescale less than the second timescale, and the first sustained power greater than the second sustained power.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first timescale is less than about one second, the second timescale is greater than about 10 hours, the first sustained power is greater than about 10 Watts, and the second sustained power is about several milliWatts.

21. The system of claim 19, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to provide the first power to an unregulated load and the second power to a regulated load.

22. The system of claim 1, in combination with the electric generator.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the system and the electric generator are configured to be disposed inside the wheel of the cart.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the cart is a shopping cart.

25. A method for controlling power generated by an electric generator disposed in or on a human-propelled wheeled cart, the method comprising:

generating electric power with an electric generator disposed in or on a human-propelled wheeled cart, the electric power generated from rotational movement of at least one wheel of the cart;

storing at least a portion of the generated electric power in an energy storage unit comprising a capacitive storage unit and a rechargeable battery storage unit;

supplying first electric power from the energy storage unit to a first electrical load in or on the cart over a first time period, the first time period corresponding to a discharge rate of the capacitive storage unit due to internal resistance; and

supplying second electric power from the energy storage unit to a second electrical load in or on the cart over a second time period, the second time period corresponding to a recharge rate at which the battery storage unit can recharge the capacitive storage unit, the second time period longer than the first time period and the second electric power less than the first electric power,

wherein storing at least a portion of the generated electric power comprises;

charging the capacitive storage unit from the electric generator when the capacitive storage unit is not fully charged; and

charging the rechargeable battery storage unit from the electric generator when the capacitive storage unit is fully charged.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising charging the rechargeable battery storage unit from the electric generator when the capacitive storage unit is not fully charged and voltage generated by the electric generator is above a charging threshold of the rechargeable battery storage unit.

27. The method of claim 25, further comprising charging the capacitive storage unit from the rechargeable battery storage unit when the electric generator is not generating electric power.

28. The method of claim 25, further comprising:

determining an operating temperature of the capacitive storage unit; and

determining whether the capacitive storage unit is fully charged based at least in part on the operating temperature.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein the capacitive storage unit comprises two or more ultracapacitors, and the method further comprises charge balancing at least two of the two or more ultracapacitors.

30. The method of claim 25, wherein charging the capacitive storage unit from the electric generator comprises providing a charging voltage to the capacitive storage unit that does not exceed a maximum working voltage of the capacitive storage unit, when the voltage generated by the electric generator is above the maximum working voltage.

31. The method of claim 30, comprising adjusting an electrical load applied to the electric generator such that the charging voltage is less than the maximum operating voltage.

32. The method of claim 25, wherein the first electric load comprises an unregulated load and the second electric load comprises a regulated load.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the first electric load comprises a brake mechanism for a wheel of the cart, and the second electric load comprises a radio frequency receiver.