Discontinuous conduction mode pulse-width modulation

• US 7,872,456 B2
• Filed: 12/16/2008
• Issued: 01/18/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 12/16/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Sheng, Lin, Li, Xuening, Dong, Wei
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley; Shawn
• Application Number:
  US12/335,923
• Publication Number:
  US 20100148737A1
• Time in Patent Office: 763 Days
• Field of Search: 323/224, 323/288, 323/283, 323/284
• US Class Current: 323/224
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

One embodiment of the invention includes a power regulator system. The system includes a switching system configured to generate an output voltage across a load based on a high-side switch coupling a power voltage to an output at an edge-trigger of a PWM control signal having an activation pulse-width of the high-side switch. The system also includes a switch driver system configured to set a duty-cycle of the PWM control signal such that the activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal is based on the power regulator system operating in one of a continuous conduction mode (CCM) and a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The edge-trigger of the PWM control signal can occur based on a relative magnitude of the output voltage and the power voltage while operating in the DCM.

Claims

1. A power regulator system comprising:

a switching system configured to generate an output voltage across a load based on a high-side switch coupling a power voltage to an output according to a PWM control signal, the PWM control signal having an activation pulse for activating the high-side switch; and

a switch driver system configured to set the activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal differently depending on whether the power regulator system operates in one of a continuous conduction mode (CCM) and a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the activation pulse of the PWM control signal being generated based on the output voltage relative the power voltage while operating in the DCM, wherein the switch driver system comprises a switch controller configured to set the duty-cycle of the PWM control signal, the switch controller being configured to set a minimum activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal beginning at an edge-trigger of the PWM control signal based on the relative magnitude of the output voltage and the power voltage in the DCM.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the switch controller comprises a DCM controller that controls the PWM control signal during the DCM, the DCM controller comprising:

a ramp voltage generator configured to generate a ramp voltage having a slope that is based on the power voltage;

a compensation voltage generator configured to generate a compensation voltage that varies as a function of the output voltage; and

a comparator configured to provide a comparator output signal based on a comparison of the ramp voltage and the compensation voltage, the activation pulse of the PWM control signal being set based on the comparator output signal while operating in the DCM.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the compensation voltage has a minimum magnitude that is proportional to the output voltage to set the minimum pulse-width of the PWM control signal.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein DCM controller further comprises a ramp voltage generator configured to activate the ramp voltage from an approximately zero magnitude at the edge-trigger of the PWM control signal and discharging back to the approximately zero magnitude upon the ramp voltage being greater than the compensation voltage to set the activation pulse-width.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the switch driver system is configured to set the duty-cycle of the PWM control signal based on an error voltage having a first magnitude when the power regulator system operates in the CCM and the switch driver system is configured to set the activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal based on the error voltage having a second magnitude when the power regulator operates in the DCM, the first magnitude being greater than the second magnitude by an amount that is proportional to the output voltage.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the switch driver system comprises a comparator configured to set the activation pulse of the PWM control signal based upon the occurrence of the error voltage being greater than a first ramp signal when the power regulator system operates in both the DCM and CCM.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein the switch driver system comprises:

a feedback controller configured to set the duty-cycle of the PWM control signal when the power regulator system operates in the CCM based on a comparison of the error voltage and a first ramp signal having a fixed-frequency and a maximum magnitude that is proportional to the power voltage; and

a DCM controller configured to set the duty-cycle PWM control signal when the power regulator system operates in the DCM based on a comparison of a compensation voltage and a second ramp signal having a frequency that varies based on the error voltage.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the DCM controller further comprises a compensation voltage generator configured to set the compensation voltage at a magnitude that varies from a minimum magnitude that is proportional to the output voltage to a magnitude that is approximately equal to a sum of the minimum magnitude and a DCM compensation factor, the DCM compensation factor having a magnitude that is approximately equal to a difference between the error voltage and a minimum magnitude of the first ramp signal.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the switch driver system further comprises a zero-cross detector configured to cause the power regulator system to switch from the CCM to the DCM in response to the zero-cross detector detecting approximately zero current through an inductor associated with the output, and the zero-cross detector configured to cause the power regulator system to switch the power regulator system from the DCM to the CCM in response to the zero-cross detector detecting greater than zero current through the inductor at an edge-trigger of the PWM control signal.

10. A method for regulating an output voltage in a power regulator system, the method comprising:

comparing an error voltage that is associated with an output voltage of the power regulator system with a fixed-frequency ramp signal;

controlling a PWM control signal to have an activation pulse-width for activating a high-side switch that is based on the comparison;

activating the high-side switch at an edge-trigger of the PWM control signal to couple a power voltage to an inductor to generate the output voltage;

switching the power regulator system from a continuous conduction mode (CCM) to a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) in response to detecting approximately zero current flow through the inductor;

reducing the error voltage from a first magnitude to a second magnitude in response to switching the power regulator system from the CCM to the DCM, the difference between the first and second magnitudes being proportional to the output voltage; and

switching the power regulator system from the DCM to the CCM in response to detecting a non-zero current flow through the inductor at the edge-trigger of the PWM control signal.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising generating a ramp voltage having a frequency that is based on the edge-trigger and having a slope that is based on the power voltage, wherein setting the duty-cycle of the PWM control signal in the DCM further comprises comparing the ramp voltage with a compensation voltage having a minimum magnitude that is proportional to the output voltage.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the compensation voltage has a magnitude that is approximately equal to a sum of the minimum magnitude of the compensation voltage and a DCM compensation factor, the DCM compensation factor having a magnitude that is approximately equal to a difference between the error voltage and a minimum magnitude of the fixed-frequency ramp signal.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein setting the duty-cycle of the PWM control signal in the DCM further comprises comparing the ramp voltage and a minimum magnitude of the compensation voltage to set a minimum activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein generating the ramp voltage further comprises:

coupling a current supply to a capacitor at the edge-trigger, the current supply having a magnitude that is proportional to the power voltage, the ramp voltage having a magnitude that is approximately equal to a voltage across the capacitor; and

discharging the capacitor upon the ramp voltage having a magnitude that is greater than the compensation voltage to decrease the voltage across the capacitor accordingly.

15. A power regulator system comprising:

means for generating an output voltage across a load based on a high-side switch coupling a power voltage to an inductor at an edge-trigger of a PWM control signal having a duty-cycle that defines an activation pulse-width of the high-side switch;

means for switching the power regulator between a continuous conduction mode (CCM) and a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) based on a magnitude of a current through the inductor;

means for setting the activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal in the CCM based on a magnitude of an error voltage associated with the output voltage relative to a fixed-frequency ramp signal; and

means for setting the activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal in the DCM based on a magnitude of the output voltage relative to the power voltage.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the means for setting the activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal in the DCM comprises:

means for generating a ramp voltage having a frequency that is based on the edge-trigger of the PWM control signal and having a slope that is proportional to the power voltage; and

means for generating a compensation voltage, the compensation voltage having a minimum magnitude that is proportional to an output voltage, the compensation voltage having a magnitude that is approximately equal to a sum of the minimum magnitude and a DCM compensation factor having a magnitude that is approximately equal to a difference between the error voltage and a minimum magnitude of the fixed-frequency ramp signal.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the means for setting the activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal in the DCM is configured to set a minimum activation pulse-width of the PWM control signal in response to the error voltage having a magnitude that is less than the minimum magnitude of the fixed-frequency ramp signal.

18. The system of claim 15, further comprising means for decreasing the error voltage from a first magnitude to a second magnitude in response to switching the power regulator system from the CCM to the DCM, the difference between the first and second magnitudes being proportional to the output voltage.