Time-multiplexed optical waveform generation

• US 7,894,725 B2
• Filed: 09/28/2007
• Issued: 02/22/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Heinrichs, Richard M., Kaushik, Sumanth, Kyung, Jae H., Holman, Kevin W., Kocher, David G., Jiang, Leaf A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Liu; Li
• Application Number:
  US11/863,761
• Publication Number:
  US 20090087186A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,243 Days
• Field of Search: 398/52, 398/53, 398/74, 398/75, 398/101, 398/102, 398/182, 398/183, 398/189, 398/193, 398/199, 398/192, 398/201, 385/15, 385/147
• US Class Current: 398/201
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0057 Temporal shaping, e.g. pulse compression, frequency chirping soliton generation and propagation G02F1/3513, H01S3/063 and H01S3/108
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/508 Pulse generation, e.g. generation of solitons

Abstract

A time-multiplexed waveform generator includes a wavelength splitter that receives an input optical signal and spectrally separates the input optical signal into a plurality of frequency components. A plurality of intensity modulators receives each of the frequency components and passes each of the frequency components for a selective time period, and then extinguishes that frequency for the remainder of a chirp time, the plurality of intensity modulators producing a plurality of first output signals. A plurality of adjustable delay lines is positioned after the intensity modulators and receives the first output signals. Each of the adjustable delay lines enables phase control of each of the frequency components associated with the first output signals for compensating any relative drifts of the path lengths and phase coherently stitching a plurality of sub-chirps together. The adjustable delay lines produce a plurality of second output signals. A wavelength combiner receives the second output signals and recombines the output signals to produce a stair-step waveform output signal.

Claims

1. A time-multiplexed optical waveform generator comprising:

a wavelength splitter that receives an input optical signal and spectrally separates said input optical signal into a plurality of frequency components, said input optical signal being produced by a mode-locked laser;

a plurality of intensity modulators receiving each of said frequency components and passing each of said frequency components for a selective time period, and then extinguishing that frequency for the remainder of a chirp time, said plurality of intensity modulators producing a plurality of first output signals;

a plurality of adjustable delay lines that are positioned after each of the intensity modulators and receive said first output signals, each of said adjustable delay lines enabling phase control of each of said frequency components associated with said first output signals for compensating any relative drifts of the path lengths and phase coherently stitching a plurality of sub-chirps together, said adjustable delay lines producing a plurality of second output signals; and

a wavelength combiner receiving said second output signals and recombining said output signals to produce a stair-step waveform output signal; and

an optical single sideband modulator receiving said stair-step waveform output signal and sequentially introducing a sideband on each of the frequency components that sweeps a selective frequency range and matches up with the beginning of the sweep of the next optical frequency'"'"'s sideband, said optical single sideband modulator being driven with a repetitive RF chirped waveform comprising a linear frequency ramp with a span equal to the repetition frequency of said mode-locked laser.

2. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 1 further comprising a polarization rotator for each of said frequency components immediately before each of said intensity modulators, causing the light polarization to be adjusted to produce components polarized along both the fast and slow axes of said intensity modulators.

3. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 2 further comprising a polarizing beamsplitter used to separate said fast-axis and slow-axis polarizations associated with said stair-step waveform output signal.

4. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 3, wherein said fast-axis polarization is directed to a photodetector producing a beat signal between two frequencies, allowing direct measurement of the relative phase fluctuations between these two frequencies using an RF mixer.

5. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 4, wherein said adjustable delay lines are used to stabilize the phase of said beat signal to that of a stable RF synthesizer, thus setting the beginning phase of each of the sub-chirps to provide a phase-continuous broadband chirp.

6. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 1 further comprising an interferometer with mis-matched arm lengths immediately after said optical single sideband modulator, causing the optical chirped waveform to combine with a delayed copy of itself.

7. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 6, wherein said optical chirped waveform and said delayed copy are directed to a photodetector that produces a beat signal, allowing direct measurement of the relative phases between said sub-chirps comprising said optical chirped waveform.

8. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 7, wherein said beat signal generated from said optical chirped waveform and said delayed copy is digitized and demodulated to extract the phase evolution of the beat signal, allowing direct measurement of the relative phases of said sub-chirps comprising said optical chirped waveform.

9. The time-multiplexed optical waveform generator of claim 8, wherein said adjustable delay lines are used to maintain phase continuity of the beat signal generated from said optical chirped waveform and said delayed copy throughout the duration of the chirp, providing a phase-continuous chirp.

10. A method of performing time-multiplexed optical waveform generation comprising:

receiving an input optical signal and spectrally separating said input optical signal into a plurality of frequency components, said input optical signal being produced by a mode-locked laser;

passing each of said frequency components for a selective time period, and then extinguishing that frequency for the remainder of a chirp time, a plurality of first output signals being produced;

enabling phase control of each of said frequency components associated with said first output signals for compensating any relative drifts of the path lengths and phase coherently stitching a plurality of sub-chirps together, a plurality of second output signals being produced;

recombining said second output signals to produce a stair-step waveform output signal; and

receiving said stair-step waveform output signal and sequentially introducing a sideband on each of the frequency components that sweeps a selective frequency range and matches up with the beginning of the sweep of the next optical frequency'"'"'s sideband, said sequential introduction of a sideband that sweeps a selective frequency range requiring a repetitive RF chirped waveform comprising a linear frequency ramp with a span equal to the repetition frequency of said mode-locked laser.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising providing a polarization rotator for each of said frequency components to produce two orthogonal polarization components, where one is selectively passed and generates said stair-step waveform output signal, while the other is unaffected by the method for passing each frequency component for a selective time period.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising providing a polarizing beamsplitter used to separate the fast-axis and slow-axis polarizations, the latter associated with said stair-step waveform output signal.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said fast-axis polarization is directed to a photodetector producing a beat signal between two frequencies, allowing direct measurement of the relative phase fluctuations between these two frequencies using an RF mixer.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said phase control of each of said frequency components enables stabilizing the phase of said beat signal to that of a stable RF synthesizer, thus setting the beginning phase of each of the sub-chirps to provide a phase-continuous broadband chirp.

15. The method of claim 10 further comprising providing an interferometer with mis-matched arm lengths immediately after said sequential introduction of a swept sideband on said frequency components, causing the optical chirped waveform to combine with a delayed copy of itself.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said optical chirped waveform and said delayed copy are directed to a photodetector that produces a beat signal, allowing direct measurement of the relative phases between said sub-chirps comprising said optical chirped waveform.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein said beat signal generated from said optical chirped waveform and said delayed copy is digitized and demodulated to extract the phase evolution of the beat signal, allowing direct measurement of the relative phases of said sub-chirps comprising said optical chirped waveform.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said phase control of each of said frequency components enables maintaining the phase continuity of the beat signal generated from said optical chirped waveform and said delayed copy throughout the duration of the chirp, providing a phase-continuous chirp.