Medical device electrodes including nanostructures
First Claim
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1. A cardiac medical device comprising:
- an implantable device body with an array of cardiac electrodes disposed thereon;
the array including a plurality of electrode pairs disposed on the device body, each electrode pair including a first cardiac electrode electrically connected to a first electrical connection and having a first electrical pole, and a second cardiac electrode electrically connected to a second electrical connection and having a second electrical pole with an electrical potential different than the first electrical pole;
the first and second electrodes comprising nanostructures that are configured to allow living cells to at least partially incorporate the nanostructures;
wherein at least a portion of the nanostructures of the first electrodes are at least partially incorporated into the living cells; and
wherein the electrode pairs are configured such that an electrical potential exists between the first and second electrodes of each electrode pair when the medical device is energized, and wherein the first and second electrodes of each electrode pair are spaced apart from one another via a distance between about 15 μ
m to about 75 μ
m.
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Abstract
Electrodes for tissue stimulation and sensing can comprise a support with nanostructures disposed on the support. Pairs of the electrodes can be placed in close proximity to one another. When electrical energy is supplied to the electrodes, an electrical field (and possibly an electrical current) can be established between the nanostructures on the electrodes. The nanostructures may have cells disposed thereon, for example myocardial cells, myocardial progenitor cells, neural cells and/or stem cells. In addition, the electrodes can be arranged in arrays.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. A cardiac medical device comprising:
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an implantable device body with an array of cardiac electrodes disposed thereon; the array including a plurality of electrode pairs disposed on the device body, each electrode pair including a first cardiac electrode electrically connected to a first electrical connection and having a first electrical pole, and a second cardiac electrode electrically connected to a second electrical connection and having a second electrical pole with an electrical potential different than the first electrical pole; the first and second electrodes comprising nanostructures that are configured to allow living cells to at least partially incorporate the nanostructures; wherein at least a portion of the nanostructures of the first electrodes are at least partially incorporated into the living cells; and wherein the electrode pairs are configured such that an electrical potential exists between the first and second electrodes of each electrode pair when the medical device is energized, and wherein the first and second electrodes of each electrode pair are spaced apart from one another via a distance between about 15 μ
m to about 75 μ
m. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A bipolar cardiac medical electrical lead comprising:
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a first implantable cardiac electrode electrically connected to a first electrical connection and having a first electrical pole, and a second implantable cardiac electrode electrically connected to a second electrical connection and having a second electrical pole with an electrical potential different than the first electrical pole, wherein the first and second electrodes are configured such than an electrical potential exists between a lead interface of the first and second electrodes when at least one of the first and second electrodes is energized; the first and second electrodes comprising first and second supports with first and second nanostructure coatings disposed on the first and second supports, respectively; the nanostructure coatings of the first and second electrodes being spaced apart from one another such that at least one of the first nanostructures of the first nanostructure coating and at least one of the second nanostructures of the second nanostructure coating are spaced apart, the space between the at least one of the first nanostructures of the first nanostructure coating and the at least one of the second nanostructures of the second nanostructure coating being less than approximately 45 μ
m from one another. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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Specification