Fluid delivery device having an electrochemical pump with an ion-exchange membrane and associated method

• US 7,896,867 B2
• Filed: 07/01/2005
• Issued: 03/01/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 05/01/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Microlin LLC
• Original Assignee: Microlin LLC
• Inventors: Gordon, John Howard, Domenick, Lawrence, Bhavaraju, Sai, Joshi, Ashok V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lucchesi; Nicholas D
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bouchelle; Laura A
• Application Number:
  US11/160,650
• Publication Number:
  US 20060116641A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,069 Days
• Field of Search: 604/890.1, 604/891.1, 604/892.2, 604/141
• US Class Current: 604/892.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0004 Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0024 Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue compositions for intravenous administration, normal injectable solutions or dispersions for, e.g. subcutaneous administration A61K9/0019; brain implants A61K9/0085; (coated) prostheses, catheters or stents A61L
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/14513 with secondary fluid driving or regulating the infusion
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1452 pressurised by means of pistons
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14526 the piston being actuated by fluid pressure

Abstract

The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for controllably adjusting a fluid delivery device. The device includes an electrochemical pump capable of transporting a fluid. A displaceable member is positioned between a pump product chamber and a reservoir, wherein the pump product chamber is capable of retaining water generated from the pump. The displaceable member is controllably displaced upon generation of water from the electrochemical pump and the reservoir contains the fluid that is delivered upon displacement of the displaceable member.

Claims

1. A fluid delivery device, comprising:

an electrochemical pump for transporting water;

an electrochemical pump product chamber being capable of retaining water transported by the electrochemical pump;

a reservoir being capable of containing a fluid to be delivered;

a piston positioned between the electrochemical pump product chamber and the reservoir, wherein the piston is responsive to transporting water, and wherein the piston comprises a plunger and wherein the reservoir comprises tubing for receiving the plunger;

a controller operably connected to the electrochemical pump wherein a rate of water transport being responsive to electrical current flowing through the control circuit; and

,

a housing containing the electrochemical pump, the electrochemical pump product chamber, the displaceable member, and the reservoir therein.

2. The fluid delivery device of claim 1, wherein the plunger is a ball, a bubble, a solid, a separating fluid, a bung, or a gel.

3. A fluid delivery device capable of being implanted within a body, the fluid delivery device comprising:

an electrochemical pump for transporting water;

an active electrode;

a pump product chamber containing the active electrode;

an auxiliary electrode in ionic communication with the active electrode;

the active electrode and the auxiliary electrode being operably connected to a control circuit;

a reservoir being capable of containing a fluid to be delivered;

a displaceable member positioned between the electrochemical pump product chamber and the reservoir, wherein the displaceable member is responsive to transporting water;

an ion-exchange membrane positioned between the active electrode and the auxiliary electrode; and

a housing containing the electrochemical pump, the displaceable member, and the reservoir therein, wherein the auxiliary electrode is external to the housing, wherein the ion-exchange membrane is positioned adjacent an open end of the housing, and wherein the housing is configured to allow fluid external to said housing to operably communicate with at least one of said electrodes.

4. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the electrochemical pump being inserted within a body, the electrochemical pump further including:

at least one protective porous separators being permeable to H₂O molecules or saline, the at least one protective separator being attached to the housing wherein either electrode or the ion-exchange membrane are indirectly exposed and not in direct contact with a body tissue or fluid.

5. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, further comprising:

a galvanic couple composed of the auxiliary electrode and active electrode.

6. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the ion exchange membrane is an anionic or cationic type.

7. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the ion-exchange membrane is a polymer or ceramic material.

8. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the ion-exchange membrane includes a geometry being a sheet, a hollow fiber, or a tube.

9. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, further including a second or multiple ion-exchange membrane.

10. The fluid delivery device of claim 9, wherein the ion-exchange membranes are of similar type.

11. The fluid delivery device of claim 9, wherein the ion-exchange membranes are of different type.

12. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the displaceable member is selected from the group consisting of a piston, a bladder, a flexible bag, a bellows, a diaphragm, a plunger, and a combination thereof.

13. The fluid delivery device of claim 3 further comprising:

a chamber being impermeable to body fluid, the chamber containing saline, water, and the auxiliary electrode wherein the chamber collapses in response to transfer of water from the auxiliary electrode.

14. The fluid delivery device according to claim 3, wherein the electrochemical pump further includes an activation switch for operating the fluid delivery device.

15. The fluid delivery device of claim 14, wherein the activation switch is of an ionic, electronic, or mechanical type.

16. The fluid delivery device of claim 15, wherein the activation switch is controlled by the control circuit.

17. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the electrochemical pump further includes:

a support member for supporting the ion-exchange membrane.

18. The fluid delivery device of claim 17, wherein the support member is a porous solid material selected from group consisting of plastic;

ceramic;

glass, corrosion stable metal, or a combination thereof.

19. The fluid delivery device of claim 17, wherein the support member includes a structure selected from group consisting of fabric, perforated plate, and, mesh.

20. The fluid delivery device of claim 17 wherein the support member includes a geometry being flat, concave, convex, or tubular.

21. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the fluid to be delivered is a biological, a drug, a lubricant, a fragrant fluid, a chemical agent, or a mixture thereof.

22. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the fluid is homogenous.

23. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the fluid is layered to provide intermittent delivery of an active or multiple and different actives.

24. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the fluid is a gel, a paste, or a suspension with or without dispersant.

25. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the reservoir includes a plurality of apertures.

26. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, further including at least one catheter being operably connected to the reservoir.

27. The fluid delivery device of claim 26 wherein the at least one catheter is flexible.

28. The fluid delivery device of claim 26 wherein the at least one catheter is perforated.

29. The fluid delivery device of claim 26 wherein the at least one catheter includes a diffusive outlet.

30. The fluid delivery device of claim 26 wherein the at least one catheter includes a check valve.

31. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, being implanted within a body.

32. The fluid delivery of claim 31, wherein the controlling electrical circuit is present within the body.

33. The fluid delivery device of claim 31, wherein the control circuit being capable of remote adjustment external to the body.

34. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the control circuit being capable of varying a fluid delivery rate in response to varying the resistance of the circuit.

35. The fluid delivery device of claim 3, wherein the at least one protective porous separator is a gel.

36. The fluid delivery device of claim 3 further comprising:

an electrochemical pump product chamber being capable of retaining water transported from the electrochemical pump.

37. For the fluid delivery device of claim 3, a method for delivering a fluid, the method comprising the steps of:

transporting water using the electrochemical water transporting pump at a rate proportional to the control circuit output signal;

thereby expanding a volume of an electrochemical pump product chamber;

generating sufficient pressure from the expanded electrochemical pump product chamber; and

,

displacing a displaceable member, and, in turn, controllably expelling fluid from the reservoir.

38. The method of claim 37 further including adjusting a fluid delivery rate profile.

39. The method of claim 37 further includes adjusting a fluid delivery rate.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein adjusting a fluid delivery rate includes changing the output signal of the control circuit.

41. The method of claim 37, further including the steps of:

providing a switch operably coupled between the active electrode and the auxiliary electrode; and

,

activating the switch to control delivery of the fluid.

42. A fluid delivery device, comprising:

an electrochemical pump for transporting water;

an electrochemical pump product chamber being capable of retaining water transported by the electrochemical pump;

a reservoir being capable of containing a fluid to be delivered;

a displaceable member positioned between the electrochemical pump product chamber and the reservoir, wherein the displaceable member is responsive to transporting water;

a controller operably connected to the electrochemical pump wherein a rate of water transport being responsive to electrical current flowing through the control circuit;

a housing containing the electrochemical pump, the electrochemical pump product chamber, the displaceable member, and the reservoir therein;

an auxiliary electrode chamber being impermeable to body fluid, the auxiliary electrode chamber containing saline, water, and the auxiliary electrode; and

,

a second displaceable member being operably connected to the auxiliary electrode chamber wherein the second displaceable member retracts in response to transfer of water from the auxiliary electrode.