Electric power storage system using capacitors and control method thereof including serial-parallel switching means for each circuit block of batteries based on descending order of block voltages

• US 7,898,223 B2
• Filed: 10/19/2005
• Issued: 03/01/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/19/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Limited Company TM
• Original Assignee: Limited Company TM
• Inventors: Toyama, Kazuki, Takeda, Harumi
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso; Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): HERNANDEZ, MANUEL J
• Application Number:
  US12/089,603
• Publication Number:
  US 20090134851A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,959 Days
• Field of Search: 320/117, 320/166, 320/167
• US Class Current: 320/166
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0024 Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/07 using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode , e.g. charge pumps

Abstract

In an electric power storage system according to the present invention, in the case of charging, a plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the electric power storage system are switched to a serial connection to initiate the charging. When the output voltage of power storage means reaches the maximum input voltage of DC-AC conversion means, each capacitor of a number j of circuit blocks is switched to a parallel connection in order of higher block voltage. Also up to the time when the maximum input voltage is reached again, each capacitor of a number j of circuit blocks is switched to a parallel connection in order of higher block voltage. In the case of discharging, pluralities of capacitors of each circuit block of the electric power storage system are switched to a parallel connection to initiate the discharging. When the output voltage of power storage means reaches the minimum input voltage of DC-AC conversion means, each capacitor of a number k of circuit blocks is switched to a serial connection in order of higher block voltage. Also up to the time when the minimum input voltage is reached gain, each capacitor of a number k of circuit blocks is switched to a serial connection in order of higher block voltage. Accordingly, the electric power storage system is hardly affected by the capacitance error of the capacitors, and charging/discharging efficiency can be improved.

Claims

1. An electric power storage system using capacitors, the system comprising:

power storage means having a circuit configuration in which n circuit blocks are connected in series, where n is a natural number equal to or larger than two, each of the n circuit blocks including a plurality of capacitors;

DC-AC conversion means that converts a DC output voltage from the power storage means into an AC output voltage and supplies the AC voltage to a load;

serial-parallel switching means that switches, between parallel and series, a connection of the plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means;

a plurality of overcharge prevention means, each of which connected in parallel to each of the plurality of capacitors in the power storage means, and has the corresponding capacitor forcibly discharge when a terminal voltage of the capacitor reaches a withstand voltage value;

inter-terminal voltage detection means which detects an inter-terminal voltage between the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means;

block voltage determination means that determines a block voltage, for each circuit block, based on the inter-terminal voltage of each capacitor detected by the inter-terminal voltage detection means, the block voltage being a voltage of the circuit block; and

control means that detects the output voltage of the power storage means and controls the serial-parallel switching means according to a value of the detected voltage, wherein

when the power storage means is being charged, the control means performs;

a first process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means so that the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in series at the beginning of charging the power storage means;

a second process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches a maximum input voltage of the DC-AC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by the block voltage determination means are switched to the parallel connection, where j is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the maximum input voltage during one charging process; and

a third process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where j<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks are switched to the parallel connection in the second process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the maximum input voltage of the DC-AC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks selected anew in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the parallel connection, and that the plurality of capacitors of j circuit blocks rather than the j circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew, and

when the power storage means is being discharged, the control means performs;

a fourth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means so that the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in parallel at the beginning of discharging the power storage means;

a fifth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches a minimum input voltage of the DC-AC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection, where k is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the minimum input voltage during one discharging process; and

a sixth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where k<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks are switched to the serial connection in the fifth process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the minimum input voltage of the DC-AC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection, and that the plurality of capacitors of k circuit blocks rather than the k circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew;

wherein j is incremented during the second process but remains constant during the third process, and wherein k is incremented during the fifth process but remains constant during the sixth process.

3. The electric power storage system using capacitors according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means performs the third process and sixth process each time when a predetermined interval passes.

4. The electric power storage system using capacitors according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means selects the charging control or the discharging control of the power storage means based on a comparison between an input current to the power storage means and an output current from the power storage means.

5. The electric power storage system using capacitors according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:

switches for selecting conduction or non-conduction are provided between each two circuit blocks of the power storage means; and

the control means turns off a switch out of the switches that is positioned between the circuit blocks in which the capacitors are connected in parallel.

6. The electric power storage system using capacitors according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the power storage means is charged or discharged, the control means performs a seventh process of setting a lowest inter-terminal voltage out of inter-terminal voltages of the capacitors of one block detected by the inter-terminal voltage detection means as a reference value, and of controlling the overcharge prevention means so that a capacitor having an inter-terminal voltage exceeding a value of the lowest inter-terminal voltage added by a tolerance out of the capacitors of the circuit block is forcibly discharged.

7. The electric power storage system using capacitors according to claim 6, wherein the control means performs the seventh process each time when a predetermined interval passes.

2. An electric power storage system using capacitors, the system comprising:

power storage means having a circuit configuration in which n circuit blocks are connected in series, where n is a natural number equal to or larger than two, each of the n circuit blocks including a plurality of capacitors;

DC-DC conversion means that converts a DC output voltage from the power storage means into a predetermined DC output voltage and supplies the DC voltage to a load;

serial-parallel switching means that switches, between parallel and series, a connection of the plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means;

a plurality of overcharge prevention means, each of which connected in parallel to each of the plurality of capacitors in the power storage means, and has the corresponding capacitor forcibly discharge when a terminal voltage of the capacitor reaches a withstand voltage value;

inter-terminal voltage detection means which detects an inter-terminal voltage between the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means;

block voltage determination means that determines a block voltage, for each circuit block, based on the inter-terminal voltage of each capacitor detected by the inter-terminal voltage detection means, the block voltage being a voltage of the circuit block; and

control means that detects the output voltage of the power storage means and controls the serial-parallel switching means according to a value of the detected voltage, wherein

when the power storage means is being charged, the control means performs;

a first process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means so that the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in series at the beginning of charging the power storage means;

a second process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches a maximum input voltage of the DC-DC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by the block voltage determination means are switched to the parallel connection, where j is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the maximum input voltage during one charging process; and

a third process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where j<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks are switched to the parallel connection in the second process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the maximum input voltage of the DC-DC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks selected anew in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the parallel connection, and that the plurality of capacitors of j circuit blocks rather than the j circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew, and

when the power storage means is being discharged, the control means performs;

a fourth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means so that the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in parallel at the beginning of discharging the power storage means;

a fifth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches minimum input voltage of the DC-DC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection, where k is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the minimum input voltage during one discharging process; and

a sixth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where k<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks are switched to the serial connection in the fifth process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the minimum input voltage of the DC-DC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection, and that the plurality of capacitors of k circuit blocks rather than the k circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew

wherein j is incremented during the second process but remains constant during the third process, and wherein k is incremented during the fifth process but remains constant during the sixth process.

8. A control method for an electric power storage system using capacitors, the method performing:

when a power storage means is charged;

a first process of controlling a serial-parallel switching means so that a plurality of capacitors of each of n circuit blocks of the power storage means, where n is a natural number equal to or larger than two are connected in series at the beginning of charging the power storage means;

a second process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches a maximum input voltage of a DC-AC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by a block voltage determination means are switched to a parallel connection, where j is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the maximum input voltage during one charging process; and

a third process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where j<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks are switched to the parallel connection in the second process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the maximum input voltage of the DC-AC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks selected anew in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the parallel connection, and that the plurality of capacitors of j circuit blocks rather than the j circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew, and

when the power storage means is being discharged,

a fourth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means so that the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in parallel at the beginning of discharging the power storage means;

a fifth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches a minimum input voltage of the DC-AC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection, where k is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the minimum input voltage during one discharging process; and

a sixth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where k<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks are switched to the serial connection in the fifth process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the minimum input voltage of the DC-AC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection and that the plurality of capacitors of k circuit blocks rather than the k circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew

wherein j is incremented during the second process but remains constant during the third process, and wherein k is incremented during the fifth process but remains constant during the sixth process.

9. A control method for an electric power storage system using capacitors, the method performing:

when a power storage means is charged,

a first process of controlling a serial-parallel switching means so that a plurality of capacitors of each of n circuit blocks of the power storage means, where n is a natural number equal to or larger than two are connected in series at the beginning of charging the power storage means;

a second process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches a maximum input voltage of a DC-DC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by a block voltage determination means are switched to a parallel connection, where j is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the maximum input voltage during one charging process; and

a third process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where j<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks are switched to the parallel connection in the second process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the maximum input voltage of the DC-DC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of j circuit blocks selected anew in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the parallel connection, and that the plurality of capacitors of j circuit blocks rather than the j circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew, and

when the power storage means is being discharged,

a fourth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means so that the plurality of capacitors of each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in parallel at the beginning of discharging the power storage means;

a fifth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, when the output voltage of the power storage means reaches minimum input voltage of the DC-DC conversion means, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of block voltages determined by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection, where k is a natural number up to n indicating the number of times that an input voltage reaches the minimum input voltage during one discharging process; and

a sixth process of controlling the serial-parallel switching means, where k<

n, after the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks are switched to the serial connection in the fifth process until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the minimum input voltage of the DC-DC conversion means again, so that the connection of the plurality of capacitors of each of k circuit blocks in the descending order of the block voltages determined anew by the block voltage determination means are switched to the serial connection, and that the plurality of capacitors of k circuit blocks rather than the k circuit blocks selected anew among the j circuit blocks before selected anew

wherein j is incremented during the second process but remains constant during the third process, and wherein k is incremented during the fifth process but remains constant during the sixth process.