Radio frequency transponder based implantable medical system

• US 7,904,170 B2
• Filed: 07/28/2010
• Issued: 03/08/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 01/26/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Harding, William C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel; Niketa I
• Assistant Examiner(s): Narayanaswamy; Shubatra
• Application Number:
  US12/845,445
• Publication Number:
  US 20100312309A1
• Time in Patent Office: 223 Days
• Field of Search: 607/60
• US Class Current: 607/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/82 Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents stent-grafts for tubular structures of the body other than blood vessels A61F2/04; stent-grafts for blood vessels A61F2/07; instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts A61F2/95; for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed A61B17/04 - A61B17/115; dilators A61M29/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/05 for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode A61N1/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0504 Subcutaneous electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0563 specially adapted for defibrillation or cardioversion
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/057 Anchoring means; Means for fixing the head inside the heart
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0573 chacterised by means penetrating the heart tissue, e.g. helix needle or hook
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/368 comprising more than one electrode co-operating with different heart regions A61N1/3622, A61N1/3627 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3684 for stimulating the heart at multiple sites of the ventricle or the atrium
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37205 Microstimulators, e.g. implantable through a cannula
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37223 Circuits for electromagnetic coupling
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37229 Shape or location of the implanted or external antenna
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37288 Communication to several implantable medical devices within one patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3756 Casings with electrodes thereon, e.g. leadless stimulators
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/378 Electrical supply
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/39622 Pacing therapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3968 Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings A61N1/375 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3975 Power supply A61N1/378 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/40 Applying electric fields by inductive or capacitive coupling microwave apparatus A61N5/00; Applying radio-frequency signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2001/0585 Coronary sinus electrodes

Abstract

An implantable medical device (IMD) system includes an IMD, a transceiver antenna lead for the IMD, and a wireless therapy delivery transponder or probe that is remotely activated by the IMD via the transceiver antenna lead. The IMD and the wireless probe communicate using wireless RF-based transponder techniques. The wireless probe includes a capacitor that is charged when the IMD emits an appropriate electromagnetic field from the transceiver antenna lead. The wireless probe delivers electrical therapy in the form of electrical pulses from the capacitor in response to RF activation signals emitted by the IMD via the transceiver antenna lead.

Claims

1. An implantable medical system comprising:

an implantable medical device (IMD);

a transceiver antenna lead comprising a first end configured for coupling to the IMD and a radio frequency (RF) lead antenna proximate a second end thereof; and

a plurality of wireless RF probes to communicate with the IMD, wherein each wireless RF probe comprises;

an electrode arrangement to establish electrical contact with body tissue/fluid,

a capacitor coupled to the electrode arrangement,

an RF probe antenna to receive/transmit RF energy from/to the RF lead antenna,

probe memory to store processing instructions, and

a processing architecture to execute processing instructions stored in the probe memory to control delivery of therapy to body tissue/fluid or sensing of electromagnetic activity associated with body tissue/fluid.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, wherein the IMD is configured to control charging of the capacitor of each of the plurality of wireless RF probes by addressing each wireless RF probe using its unique probe identifier transmitted with a charge signal generated for transmission from the RF lead antenna to the wireless RF probe being addressed, and further wherein each of the wireless RF probes are configured to receive RF energy corresponding to the charge signal transmitted from the RF lead antenna useable to charge the capacitor of the wireless RF probe when being addressed by the IMD.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, wherein the IMD is configured to control activation of each of the plurality of wireless RF probes by addressing each wireless RF probe using its unique probe identifier transmitted with an activation signal from the RF lead antenna to the wireless RF probe being addressed, and further wherein each of the wireless RF probes are configured to receive the activation signal and process any command data conveyed in the activation signal.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processing architecture of the wireless RF probe is programmed to respond to at least one of a sense command that instructs the wireless RF probe to detect electromagnetic activity conducted by the body tissue/fluid, a pace command that instructs the wireless RF probe to generate at least one pacing pulse with the capacitor, a defibrillate command that instructs the wireless RF probe to generate at least one defibrillation pulse with the capacitor, and a status command that instructs the wireless RF probe to provide status information to the IMD.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, wherein the IMD is configured to interrogate each of the plurality of wireless RF probes via their unique probe identifier to provide one or more activation signals or charge signals thereto using RF energy, and further wherein each of the wireless RF probes is configured such that the capacitor thereof becomes charged in response to RF energy used to interrogate other wireless RF probes via their unique probe identifiers.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, wherein each of the wireless RF probes is configured to disregard activation signals that do not convey the unique probe identifier.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the IMD and the plurality of wireless RF probes are configured to operate using a dense reader mode of operation.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing architecture of each wireless RF probe is configured to execute processing instructions stored in memory to at least one of provide sense data or perform stimulation therapy using the electrode arrangement for a period of time without intervention by the IMD.

9. A method of operation in an implantable medical system comprising:

providing an implantable medical device (IMD), a transceiver antenna lead coupled to the IMD, and a plurality of wireless radio frequency (RF) probes, wherein each of the wireless RF probes includes an electrode arrangement to establish electrical contact with body tissue/fluid, a capacitor coupled to the electrode arrangement, an RF probe antenna, and a processing architecture;

generating, with the IMD, a charge signal for energizing at least one of the plurality of wireless RF probes;

transmitting the charge signal from the IMD, through the transceiver antenna lead, to charge the at least one wireless RF probe by energizing the capacitor thereof; and

controlling, with the processing architecture of the at least one wireless RF probe executing instructions stored in memory, the delivery of therapy to body tissue/fluid or the sensing of electromagnetic activity associated with body tissue/fluid using the electrode arrangement for a period of time without intervention by the IMD.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, and wherein generating a charge signal for energizing the at least one wireless RF probe comprises addressing the at least one wireless RF probe using its unique probe identifier transmitted with the charge signal.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, and further wherein the method comprises:

generating, with the IMD, an activation signal formatted to control activation of at least one of the plurality of wireless RF probes, wherein generating an activation signal comprises addressing the at least one wireless RF probe using its unique probe identifier transmitted with the activation signal; and

transmitting the activation signal from the IMD, through the transceiver antenna lead, to activate the at least one wireless RF probe in response to the transmitted activation signal to command the processing architecture to control delivery of therapy to body tissue/fluid or sensing of electromagnetic activity associated with body tissue/fluid.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the processing architecture of the at least one wireless RF probe is programmed to respond to at least one of a sense command of the transmitted activation signal that instructs the wireless RF probe to detect electromagnetic activity conducted by the body tissue/fluid, a pace command of the transmitted activation signal that instructs the wireless RF probe to generate at least one pacing pulse with the capacitor, a defibrillate command of the transmitted activation signal that instructs the wireless RF probe to generate at least one defibrillation pulse with the capacitor, and a status command of the transmitted activation signal that instructs the wireless RF probe to provide status information to the IMD.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, wherein the method further comprises:

addressing, with the IMD, one or more wireless RF probes of the plurality of wireless RF probes using their unique probe identifiers to provide one or more activation signals or charge signals thereto using RF energy; and

replenishing energy to the capacitor of one or more wireless RF probes of the plurality of wireless RF probes not being addressed in response to the RF energy used to address the one or more wireless RF probes using their unique probe identifiers.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the IMD and plurality of wireless RF probes are configured to operate using a dense reader mode of operation.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein generating, with the IMD, a charge signal for energizing the at least one of the wireless RF probes comprises:

transmitting the charge signal from the IMD, through the transceiver antenna lead, to initially charge at least one wireless RF probe by energizing the capacitor thereof; and

determining, after initial charging, whether a charge signal to wirelessly replenish the electrical energy in the capacitor should be generated and generating a charge signal based thereon.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises replenishing the electrical energy in the capacitor of the at least one wireless RF probe after initial charging with use of ambient RF energy available when the IMD interrogates one or more other wireless RF probes.

17. An implantable medical system comprising:

an implantable medical device (IMD);

a transceiver antenna lead comprising a first end configured for coupling to the IMD and a radio frequency (RF) lead antenna proximate a second end thereof; and

a plurality of wireless RF probes to communicate with the IMD, wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier, and further wherein each wireless RF probe comprises;

an electrode arrangement to establish electrical contact with body tissue/fluid,

a capacitor coupled to the electrode arrangement,

an RF probe antenna to receive/transmit RF energy from/to the RF lead antenna, and

a processing architecture,

wherein the IMD is configured to interrogate each of the plurality of wireless RF probes via their unique probe identifier to provide at least charge signals thereto for charging the capacitor thereof using RF energy, and further wherein at least one of the wireless RF probes is configured such that the energy of the capacitor thereof is replenished in response to RF energy used to interrogate other wireless RF probes using their unique probe identifiers even though the at least one wireless RF probe is not being interrogated using its own unique probe identifier.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the IMD is configured to control activation of each of the plurality of wireless RF probes by addressing each wireless RF probe using its unique probe identifier transmitted with an activation signal from the RF lead antenna to the wireless RF probe being addressed, and further wherein each of the wireless RF probes are configured to receive the activation signal and process any command data conveyed in the activation signal.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the processing architecture of the wireless RF probe is programmed to respond to at least one of a sense command that instructs the wireless RF probe to detect electromagnetic activity conducted by the body tissue/fluid, a pace command that instructs the wireless RF probe to generate at least one pacing pulse with the capacitor, a defibrillate command that instructs the wireless RF probe to generate at least one defibrillation pulse with the capacitor, and a status command that instructs the wireless RF probe to provide status information to the IMD.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein the at least one wireless RF probe is configured such that the energy of the capacitor thereof is replenished in response to RF energy used to interrogate other wireless RF probes when transmitting an activation signal using the unique probe identifiers even though the at least one wireless RF probe is not being interrogated using its own unique probe identifier.

21. The system of claim 17, wherein the IMD and plurality of wireless RF probes are configured to operate using a dense reader mode of operation.

22. The system of claim 17, wherein the capacitor of at least one wireless RF probe comprises a capacitor having an energy storage capacity of at least two joules.

23. A method of operation in an implantable medical system comprising:

providing a implantable medical device (IMD), a transceiver antenna lead coupled to the IMD, and a plurality of wireless radio frequency (RF) probes, wherein each of the wireless RF probes includes an electrode arrangement configured to establish electrical contact with body tissue/fluid, a capacitor coupled to the electrode arrangement, an RF probe antenna, and a processing architecture, and further wherein each wireless RF probe of the plurality of wireless probes is associated with a unique probe identifier;

addressing, with the IMD, one or more of the wireless RF probes of the plurality of wireless RF probes using their unique probe identifiers to provide one or more charge signals thereto to initially charge the capacitors thereof;

determining, after initial charging, whether a charge signal to wirelessly replenish the electrical energy in the capacitor of one or more of the wireless probes should be generated and generating one or more charge signals based thereon; and

replenishing the energy in the capacitor of at least one wireless RF probe after initial charging with use of ambient RF energy available when the IMD addresses one or more other wireless RF probes using the unique probe identifiers to provide charge signals or activation signals comprising one or more commands to be executed by the addressed wireless RF probe.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the IMD and plurality of wireless RF probes are configured to operate using a dense reader mode of operation.

25. The system of claim 23, wherein the capacitor of at least one wireless RF probe comprises a capacitor having an energy storage capacity of at least two joules.