Fast data recovery from HDD failure

• US 7,904,749 B2
• Filed: 10/24/2008
• Issued: 03/08/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Kawaguchi, Tomohiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Le; Dieu-Minh
• Application Number:
  US12/257,487
• Publication Number:
  US 20100107003A1
• Time in Patent Office: 865 Days
• Field of Search: 714/6, 714/2, 714/5, 714/7, 714/8, 714 9- 13, 711/114
• US Class Current: 714/6.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1076 Parity data used in redundant arrays of independent storages, e.g. in RAID systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1092 Rebuilding, e.g. when physically replacing a failing disk

Abstract

A storage system comprises a first storage device having a first plurality of hard disk drives and a first controller. The first controller stores data in the first plurality of hard disk drives by stripes. Each stripe includes M data and N parity data allocated to M+N hard disk drives of the first plurality of hard disk drives. A first hard disk drive includes data or parity data of both a first stripe of the stripes and a second stripe of the stripes, while a second hard disk drive includes data or parity data of only one of the first stripe or the second stripe. During data recovery involving failure of one of the first plurality of hard disk drives, the data in the failed hard disk drive is recovered for each stripe by calculation using data and parity data in other hard disk drives for each stripe.

Claims

1. A storage system comprising:

a first storage device having a first plurality of hard disk drives and a first controller controlling said first plurality of hard disk drives;

wherein said first controller stores data in said first plurality of hard disk drives by stripes, each stripe includes M data and N parity data, where M and N are integers, and said first controller calculates for each stripe said N parity data using said M data,

wherein said M data and N parity data of said each stripe are allocated to M+N hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives,

wherein a first hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of both a first stripe of said stripes and a second stripe of said stripes, while a second hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of only one of said first stripe of said stripes or said second stripe of said stripes,

wherein during data recovery involving failure of one of the first plurality of hard disk drives as a failed hard disk drive, the data in the failed hard disk drive is recovered for each stripe by calculation using data and parity data in other hard disk drives of the first plurality of hard disk drives for said each stripe.

2. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein said second hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of said first stripe of said stripes,

wherein a third hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of said second stripe of said stripes and does not include data or parity data of said first stripe of said stripes.

3. A storage system according to claim 2,

wherein said M is 3 and said N is 1,

wherein the number of said first plurality of hard disk drives is a multiple of four,

wherein data and parity data of said first stripe are included in said first and second hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives and in fourth and fifth hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives,

wherein data and parity data of said second stripe are included in said first, third, fourth, fifth hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives.

4. A storage system according to claim 2, further comprising:

a second storage device having a second plurality of hard disk drives and a second controller controlling said second plurality of hard disk drives;

wherein said data stored by said first controller is received from said second storage device,

wherein said first controller includes a plurality of processors,

wherein said second hard disk drive and said third hard disk drive are accessed by different processors of said plurality of processors concurrently when data is migrated from said second storage device to said first storage device.

5. A storage system according to claim 2, further comprising;

a capacity pool volume having unallocated hard disk drives of said first plurality of said hard disk drives,

wherein said stripes are allocated from said capacity pool volume.

6. A storage system according to claim 5, further comprising:

a second storage device having a second plurality of hard disk drives and a second controller controlling said second plurality of hard disk drives;

wherein said allocation of each stripe is conducted in response to receiving said data from said second storage device.

7. A storage system according to claim 2,

wherein said N parity data of each stripe are coupled to said first controller via different buses.

8. A storage system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a second storage device having a second plurality of hard disk drives and a second controller controlling said second plurality of hard disk drives;

wherein said data stored by said first controller is received from said second storage device,

wherein data and parity data of said first and second stripes are processed in parallel by said first controller.

9. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein said first controller includes a table including information of allocation of said each stripe to said first plurality of hard disk drives.

10. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein said M is 6 and said N is 2,

wherein the number of said first plurality of hard disk drives is a multiple of eight, and

wherein in case of reading data from one of said stripes including a failure of one of said first plurality of hard disk drives, said first controller is controlled to access only seven hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives without access to the failed hard disk drive.

11. A storage system according to claim 10, further comprising;

a capacity pool volume having unallocated hard disk drives of said first plurality of said hard disk drives,

wherein said stripes are allocated from said capacity pool volume.

12. A storage system according to claim 11, further comprising:

a second storage device having a second plurality of hard disk drives and a second controller controlling said second plurality of hard disk drives;

wherein said allocation of each stripe is conducted in response to receiving said data from said second storage device.

13. In a storage system which includes a first storage device having a first plurality of hard disk drives and a first controller controlling said first plurality of hard disk drives, a method of data recovery comprising:

storing data in said first plurality of hard disk drives of said first controller by stripes, each stripe includes M data and N parity data, where M and N are integers, and said first controller calculates for each stripe said N parity data using said M data;

allocating said M data and N parity data of said each stripe to M+N hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives, wherein a first hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of both a first stripe of said stripes and a second stripe of said stripes, while a second hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of only one of said first stripe of said stripes or said second stripe of said stripes; and

during data recovery involving failure of one of the first plurality of hard disk drives as a failed hard disk drive, recovering the data in the failed hard disk drive for each stripe by calculation using data and parity data in other hard disk drives of the first plurality of hard disk drives for said each stripe.

14. A method according to claim 13,

wherein said second hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of said first stripe of said stripes,

wherein a third hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of said second stripe of said stripes and does not include data or parity data of said first stripe of said stripes.

15. A method according to claim 14,

wherein said M is 3 and said N is 1,

wherein the number of said first plurality of hard disk drives is a multiple of four,

wherein data and parity data of said first stripe are included in said first and second hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives and fourth and fifth hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives,

wherein data and parity data of said second stripe are included in said first, third, fourth, fifth hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives.

16. A method according to claim 14, wherein the first storage device further includes a capacity pool volume having unallocated hard disk drives of said first plurality of said second hard disk drives, wherein said stripes are each allocated from said capacity pool volume, and wherein the storage system further includes a second storage device having a second plurality of hard disk drives and a second controller controlling said plurality of hard disk drives, the method further comprising:

conducting said allocation of each stripe in response to receiving said data from said second storage device.

17. A method according to claim 13, wherein said M is 6 and said N is 2, and wherein the number of said first plurality of hard disk drives is a multiple of eight, the method further comprising:

in case of reading data from one of said stripes including a failure of one of said first plurality of hard disk drives, controlling said first controller to access only seven hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives without access to the failed hard disk drive.

18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the first storage device further includes a capacity pool volume having unallocated hard disk drives of said first plurality of said hard disk drives, the method further comprising:

allocating each said stripes from said capacity pool volume.

19. A method according to claim 18, wherein the storage system further includes a second storage device having a second plurality of hard disk drives and a second controller controlling said second plurality of hard disk drives, the method further comprising:

conducting said allocation of each stripe in response to receiving said data from said second storage device.

20. In a storage system which includes a first storage device having a first plurality of hard disk drives and a first controller controlling said first plurality of hard disk drives, a computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions for controlling a data processor to perform data recovery comprising:

instructions that cause the data processor to store data in said first plurality of hard disk drives of said first controller by stripes, each stripe includes M data and N parity data, where M and N are integers, and said first controller calculates for each stripe said N parity data using said M data;

instructions that allocate said M data and N parity data of said each stripe to M+N hard disk drives of said first plurality of hard disk drives, wherein a first hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of both a first stripe of said stripes and a second stripe of said stripes, while a second hard disk drive of said first plurality of hard disk drives includes data or parity data of only one of said first stripe of said stripes or said second stripe of said stripes; and

instructions that, during data recovery involving failure of one of the first plurality of hard disk drives as a failed hard disk drive, recover the data in the failed hard disk drive for each stripe by calculation using data and parity data in other hard disk drives of the first plurality of hard disk drives for said each stripe.