Phase-detector-less method and apparatus for minimizing skew between bonded channel groups

• US 7,908,528 B1
• Filed: 05/10/2007
• Issued: 03/15/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/09/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Altera Corporation (Intel Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Altera Corporation (Intel Corporation)
• Inventors: Turudic, Andy
• Primary Examiner(s): Beausoliel; Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): GANDHI, DIPAKKUMAR B
• Application Number:
  US11/747,152
• Time in Patent Office: 1,405 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 714/715
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 5/131 Digitally controlled
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0008 Synchronisation information channels, e.g. clock distribution lines
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0091 Transmitter details
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/033 using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop

Abstract

A method for aligning output from a first transmit source and a second transmit source is provided. The method includes combining complementary portions of differential signals generated from respective transmit sources to generate an output bit sequence and comparing the output bit sequence with an input bit sequence used to generate the differential signals. The method further includes adjusting one of the first or the second transmit source based on the comparison to align the output from the first and the second transmit sources. A PLD having the capability to align channels of different octets is also provided.

Claims

1. A method for aligning a plurality of transmit sources, comprising method operations of:

transmitting a bit sequence pattern over a corresponding channel of the plurality of transmit sources to respective differential buffers;

generating differential signals from the respective differential buffers;

combining a differential signal from a first differential buffer with a complementary differential signal from a second differential buffer to generate a combined signal pattern; and

comparing the combined signal pattern to an acceptable bit sequence pattern to determine whether to adjust one of the plurality of transmit sources for alignment.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the corresponding channel is associated with a group of eight transmit sources.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein a polarity of the differential signal and the complimentary differential signal are different and wherein the acceptable bit sequence pattern is the bit sequence pattern.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

adjusting the bit sequence pattern when the combined signal pattern does not match the acceptable bit sequence pattern.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method operation of comparing the combined signal pattern to an acceptable bit sequence pattern to determine whether to adjust one of the plurality of transmit sources for alignment includes,

accessing a table storing the acceptable bit sequence pattern;

and

determining if a skew between the combined signal pattern and the acceptable bit sequence pattern is within a number of unit intervals.

6. A method for aligning signals from a plurality of sources, comprising method operations of:

transmitting a bit sequence pattern over a channel of each of the plurality of sources;

generating synchronization lanes on each channel;

combining a signal polarity and a complementary signal polarity from different synchronization lanes to generate an output bit sequence pattern;

adjusting output from one of the plurality of sources based on comparison of the output bit sequence pattern with the bit sequence pattern.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method operation of adjusting output from one of the plurality of sources based on comparison of the output bit sequence pattern with the bit sequence pattern includes,

one of pushing or pulling a phase of the bit sequence pattern through a phase lock loop.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method operation of adjusting output from one of the plurality of sources based on comparison of the output bit sequence pattern with the bit sequence pattern includes,

one of flipping bits of the bit sequence pattern or rotating bits of the bit sequence pattern.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the method operation of generating synchronization lanes on each channel includes,

oversampling one of the synchronization lanes as compared to another of the synchronization lanes.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the method operation of combining a signal polarity and a complementary signal polarity from different synchronization lanes to generate an output bit sequence pattern includes,

receiving input from a synchronization lane into a differential buffer.

11. A method for aligning output from a first transmit source and a second transmit source, comprising method operations of:

combining complementary portions of differential signals generated from respective transmit sources to generate an output bit sequence;

comparing the output bit sequence with an input bit sequence used to generate the differential signals; and

adjusting one of the first or the second transmit source based on the comparison to align the output from the first and the second transmit sources.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the complementary portions of the differential signals are generated through separate differential buffers.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the separate differential buffers transmit the complementary portions to a single receive buffer.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

repeating the combining, the comparing and the adjusting until the output from the first and the second transmit sources are aligned.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the method operation of combining complementary portions of differential signals generated from respective transmit sources to generate the output bit sequence is performed on a separate chip from the method operation of the adjusting one of the first or the second transmit source based on the comparison to align the output from the first and the second transmit sources.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the method operation of combining complementary portions of differential signals generated from respective transmit sources to generate the output bit sequence is performed on a same chip as the method operation of the adjusting one of the first or the second transmit source based on the comparison to align the output from the first and the second transmit sources.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the method operation of adjusting one of the first or the second transmit source based on the comparison to align the output from the first and the second transmit source includes,

adjusting the output bit sequence;

and

providing the adjusted output bit sequence to the one of the first or the second transmit source.

18. A method for aligning output from a first and a second transmit sources, comprising method operations of:

generating a bit pattern having a frequency that is a fraction of an operating frequency to be output by the first and the second transmit sources;

generating differential signals from each respective bit pattern;

combining complementary portions of differential signals, where one portion is associated with the first transmit source and another portion is associated with the second transmit source;

adjusting a phase of the bit pattern of the first transmit source based on a comparison of an output from the combining and the bit pattern; and

applying the adjusting to remaining channels within the first transmit source.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the method operation of combining complementary portions of differential signals, where one portion is associated with the first transmit source and another portion is associated with the second transmit source includes

receiving into a single receive buffer the one portion from a first differential buffer and the another portion from a second differential buffer;

and

outputting the combined complimentary portion to a demultiplexer.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the method operation of combining complementary portions of differential signals, where one portion is associated with the first transmit source and another portion is associated with the second transmit source is performed on a separate chip from the remaining method operations.

21. A programmable logic device (PLD), comprising:

a first and a second set of channels, wherein each of the first set and the second set of channels includes a channel designated as a synchronization lane over which a bit pattern is transmitted;

a first differential buffer receiving data from the channel designated as the synchronization lane for the first set;

a second differential buffer receiving data from the channel designated as the synchronization lane for the second set;

a receive buffer receiving both an output signal having a polarity from the first differential buffer and an output signal having a complementary polarity from the second differential buffer; and

a demultiplexer receiving output of the receive buffer, the demultiplexer providing an output bit pattern, wherein the output bit pattern is compared to the bit pattern to determine whether to adjust a phase of the bit pattern over the channel of one of the first or the second set of channels.

22. The PLD of claim 21, wherein the first set of channels include two sets of four bonded channels.

23. The PLD of claim 21, wherein each component is located within an Input/Output ring of the PLD and the PLD is a field programmable gate array.

24. The PLD of claim 21, further comprising:

a demultiplexer receiving output of the receive buffer, the demultiplexer providing an output bit pattern, wherein the output bit pattern is compared to the to determine whether to adjust a phase of the bit pattern over the channel of one of the first or the second set of channels.