Condensate glucose analyzer
First Claim
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1. A non-invasive, portable glucose monitoring device comprising:
- a) at least one collection reservoir for collecting at least one exhaled breath sample, wherein said collection reservoir comprises a sensor and a signaling means, said sensor, said signaling means or both either comprising or being in operative communication with at least one processor; and
b) a means for extracting condensates from the exhaled breath sample, wherein said sensor is equipped to identify glucose and at least one solute in the extracted condensate, and where the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same solute in blood to determine a dilution factor to be utilized in correlating the concentration of glucose in blood with the glucose identified in the extracted condensate by multiplying said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose in said condensate.
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Abstract
The present invention provides systems and methods for analyzing glucose present in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In certain embodiments of the invention, electrochemical- or coulometric-based sensing technologies are used to analyze EBC for the presence and/or concentration of glucose.
332 Citations
33 Claims
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1. A non-invasive, portable glucose monitoring device comprising:
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a) at least one collection reservoir for collecting at least one exhaled breath sample, wherein said collection reservoir comprises a sensor and a signaling means, said sensor, said signaling means or both either comprising or being in operative communication with at least one processor; and b) a means for extracting condensates from the exhaled breath sample, wherein said sensor is equipped to identify glucose and at least one solute in the extracted condensate, and where the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same solute in blood to determine a dilution factor to be utilized in correlating the concentration of glucose in blood with the glucose identified in the extracted condensate by multiplying said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose in said condensate. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. A glucose monitoring device comprising:
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(a) at least one collection reservoir for collecting at least one exhaled breath sample, (b) at least one sensor, coupled to at least one signaling means, said sensor or said signaling means or both comprising or being in operative communication with at least one processor; and (c) a means for extracting condensate from said at least one exhaled breath sample; wherein said condensate is contacted with said at least one sensor; wherein said at least one sensor is adapted to measure the concentration of glucose in said condensate and to measure the concentration of at least one solute other than glucose in said condensate such that the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same at least one solute in blood to determine a dilution factor which is utilized by said processor to multiply said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose measured in said condensate by said sensor, to thereby provide the concentration of glucose in blood wherein said means for extracting condensate from said at least one exhaled breath sample extracts condensate by cooling said at least one exhaled breath sample to a temperature below body temperature wherein said temperature below body temperature is a temperature selected from the group consisting of between 10 to 15 degrees Centigrade below body temperature.
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16. A glucose monitoring device comprising:
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(a) at least one collection reservoir for collecting at least one exhaled breath sample, (b) at least one sensor, coupled to at least one signaling means, said sensor or said signaling means or both comprising or being in operative communication with at least one processor; and (c) a means for extracting condensate from said at least one exhaled breath sample; wherein said condensate is contacted with said at least one sensor; wherein said at least one sensor is adapted to measure the concentration of glucose in said condensate and to measure the concentration of at least one solute other than glucose in said condensate such that the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same at least one solute in blood to determine a dilution factor which is utilized by said processor to multiply said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose measured in said condensate by said sensor, to thereby provide the concentration of glucose in blood, wherein said means for extracting condensate from said at least one exhaled breath sample extracts condensate by cooling said at least one exhaled breath sample to a temperature below body temperature wherein said temperature below body temperature is a temperature selected from the group consisting of 20.6 degrees centigrade, −
2.8 degrees centigrade, and −
17.8 degrees centigrade. - View Dependent Claims (17)
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18. A glucose monitoring device comprising:
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(a) at least one collection reservoir for extracting and collecting condensate from at least one exhaled breath sample (b) at least one sensor, coupled to at least one signaling means, said sensor or said signaling means or both comprising or being in operative communication with at least one processor; wherein said condensate is contacted with said at least one sensor; wherein said at least one sensor is adapted to measure the concentration of glucose in said condensate and to measure the concentration of at least one solute other than glucose in said condensate such that the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same at least one solute in blood to determine a dilution factor which is utilized by said processor to multiply said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose measured in said condensate by said sensor, to thereby provide the concentration of glucose in blood. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21)
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22. A glucose monitoring device comprising:
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(a) at least one collection reservoir for collecting at least one exhaled breath sample, (b) at least one sensor, coupled to at least one signaling means, said sensor or said signaling means or both comprising or being in operative communication with at least one processor; and (c) a means for extracting condensate from said at least one exhaled breath sample; wherein said condensate is contacted with said at least one sensor; wherein said at least one sensor is adapted to measure the concentration of glucose in said condensate and to measure the concentration of at least one solute other than glucose in said condensate such that the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same at least one solute in blood to determine a dilution factor which is utilized by said processor to multiply said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose measured in said condensate by said sensor, to thereby provide the concentration of glucose in blood. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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- 31. A non-invasive, portable glucose monitoring device comprising at least one processor and at least one collection reservoir for extracting and collecting condensate from at least one exhaled breath sample, wherein said collection reservoir comprises a sensor and a signaling means, wherein said sensor is equipped to identify glucose and at least one solute in the extracted condensate, and where the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same solute in blood to determine a dilution factor to be utilized in correlating the concentration of glucose in blood with the glucose identified in the extracted condensate by multiplying said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose in said condensate.
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33. A glucose monitoring device comprising:
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(a) at least one collection reservoir for collecting at least one exhaled breath sample, (b) at least one sensor, coupled to at least one signaling means, said sensor or said signaling means or both comprising or being in operative communication with at least one processor; and (c) a means for extracting condensate from said at least one exhaled breath sample; wherein said condensate is contacted with said at least one sensor; wherein said at least one sensor is adapted to measure the concentration of glucose in said condensate and to measure the concentration of at least one solute other than glucose in said condensate such that the concentration of said at least one solute, the concentration of which is both tightly regulated in blood and which concentration is substantially identical in airway lining fluid to that in blood, is used by said processor as a ratio with the concentration of that same at least one solute in blood to determine a dilution factor which is utilized by said processor to multiply said dilution factor with the concentration of glucose measured in said condensate by said sensor, to thereby provide the concentration of glucose in blood wherein said means for extracting condensate from said at least one exhaled breath sample extracts condensate by cooling said at least one exhaled breath sample to a temperature below body temperature.
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Specification