Method and apparatus for real-time pulse parameter estimator

• US 7,916,814 B2
• Filed: 10/30/2007
• Issued: 03/29/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Bandspeed, Inc. (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Jones, Ben
• Primary Examiner(s): Corrielus; Jean B
• Application Number:
  US11/929,659
• Publication Number:
  US 20080298514A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,246 Days
• Field of Search: 375/224, 375/340, 375/342, 375/377, 324/76.11
• US Class Current: 375/340
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/021 Auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like, e.g. radar jamming signals

Abstract

A real-time pulse parameter estimator is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, an apparatus has pulse detection logic, an abnormal pulse filter, and a pulse parameter estimator. The pulse detection logic is operable to detect pulses and to record an arrival time of each detected pulse. The abnormal pulse filter is operable to analyze the arrival time of the detected pulses and to determine whether there are any abnormal pulses based on the analysis. In one embodiment, the abnormal pulse filter generates an adjusted time difference of arrival (TDOA) signal for a pulse, based on a determination that the pulse is abnormal. The pulse parameter estimator is operable to estimate a pulse parameter for the signal based on an analysis of the arrival times of the detected pulses and information pertaining to there being any abnormal pulses in the signal.

Claims

1. An apparatus for extracting pulse parameters from signals, said apparatus comprising:

a pulse detection logic that is operable to detect pulses in a signal that is received by the apparatus;

a pulse parameter estimation logic that is operable to;

(a) select, based at least in part on a magnitude of an error, a time interval from a plurality of time intervals; and

(b) determine a value for a pulse parameter by analyzing pulse information based on pulses that were detected over the selected time interval;

wherein the error is based on a difference between pulse information derived, at least in part, from a particular detected pulse and a value of a pulse parameter estimated by the pulse parameter estimation logic by analyzing pulse information that is derived, at least in part, from pulses detected prior to the particular detected pulse but not the particular detected pulse,

wherein one or more of the pulse detection logic and the pulse parameter estimation logic includes one or more hardware elements.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information that is derived, at least in part, from the particular detected pulse is derived on a time difference of arrival (TDOA) between the particular detected pulse and a previous point in time.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a logic that corrects the TDOA of the particular detected pulse based on a determination that one or more pulses of the signal were not detected by the apparatus.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulse parameter is a pulse repetition interval (PRI).

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulse parameter estimation logic is further operable to select a time interval having a length that is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the error.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulse parameter estimation logic is operable to select the time interval by comparing a magnitude of the error with a set of thresholds.

7. An apparatus for detecting abnormal pulses in signals, the apparatus comprising:

a pulse detection logic that is operable to detect pulses in a signal that is received by the apparatus and to record an arrival time of each detected pulse;

a time window logic that is operable to;

(a) hold a set of window parameters, wherein each window parameter has a value that is based on a pulse characteristic;

(b) generate a set of time windows based, at least on part, on the set of window parameters and a pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the signal; and

an abnormal pulse logic that is operable to;

determine whether a particular pulse is an abnormal pulse, based on the set of time windows and a time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the particular pulse relative to the pulse detected prior to the particular pulse; and

in response to determining that the particular pulse is abnormal;

identify an abnormal pulse characteristic for the particular pulse, based upon which time window of the set of time windows that the particular pulse arrived; and

store a value that defines the abnormal pulse characteristic,

wherein one or more of the pulse detection logic, the time window logic, and the abnormal pulse logic includes one or more hardware elements.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the abnormal pulse characteristic is that one or more pulses are missing from the signal and the abnormal pulse logic is further operable to determine how many pulses are missing between the particular pulse and the pulse detected prior to the particular pulse.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the abnormal pulse logic is further operable to determine that the particular pulse was received earlier, by a specified tolerance, than an expected arrival time for the particular pulse, wherein the abnormal pulse characteristic is early arrival of the particular pulse.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the abnormal pulse logic is further operable to determine that the particular pulse was received within a specified tolerance of an expected arrival time for the particular pulse.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a logic to estimate the PRI based on pulses detected prior to the particular pulse.

12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the TDOA for the particular pulse is a raw TDOA and further comprising TDOA correction logic that is operable to:

determine an adjusted TDOA for the particular pulse based on the abnormal pulse characteristic for the particular pulse and the raw TDOA.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the TDOA correction logic is further operable to:

determine the adjusted TDOA for the particular pulse based on a determination that one or more pulses of the signal were not detected by the apparatus.

14. An apparatus for extracting pulse parameters from a signal, the apparatus comprising:

a pulse detection logic that is operable to detect pulses and to record an arrival time of each detected pulse, wherein a time difference of arrival (TDOA) for a given pulse is the difference between the arrival time for the given pulse and the last pulse detected before the given pulse;

an abnormal pulse detection logic that is operable to;

analyze the TDOAs of the detected pulses in order to determine whether any of the detected pulses are abnormal, wherein an abnormal pulse is a pulse for which the TDOA is outside of a tolerance from an expected TDOA; and

modify the TDOA for at least certain types of abnormal pulses; and

a pulse parameter logic that is operable to;

estimate a pulse parameter for the signal based on an analysis of the TDOAs for a set of the detected pulses that includes a current pulse, wherein the modified TDOA is used for the certain types of the abnormal pulses; and

based on the estimated pulse parameter, provide an abnormal pulse filter with a signal from which to derive the expected TDOA for the next pulse detected after the current pulse,

wherein one or more of the pulse detection logic, the abnormal pulse detection logic, and the pulse parameter logic includes one or more hardware elements.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the abnormal pulse logic is further operable to determine how many pulses are missing between the current pulse and the last pulse detected prior to the current pulse, wherein the abnormal pulse filter is operable to modify the TDOA for the current pulse to account for the missing pulses.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pulse parameter logic is further operable to determine the set of the detected pulses based, at least in part, on a magnitude of an error that is derived from a previously generated estimate for the pulse parameter and the TDOA for the current pulse.

17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the abnormal pulse logic is operable to:

determine which detected pulses are candidates for estimating the pulse parameter, based on the determination of abnormal pulses; and

identify the candidate pulses to the pulse parameter logic.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the estimated pulse logic is a pulse repetition interval (PRI).

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the signal comprises an envelope and wherein the pulse detection logic is operable to detect the pulses and to record the arrival time of each detected pulse based on both the envelope of the signal and the derivative of the envelope of the signal.

20. The apparatus of 19, wherein the pulse detection logic is operable to determine the derivative using a finite-impulse-response (FIR) linear phase digital filter.

21. The apparatus of 19, wherein the pulse detection logic is operable to determine a positive edge and a negative edge of the signal envelope by threshold crossings and a first-order difference.

22. A method for extracting pulse parameters from a signal, said method comprising:

detecting pulses and recording an arrival time of each detected pulse, wherein a time difference of arrival (TDOA) for a given pulse is the difference between the arrival time for the given pulse and the last detected pulse;

analyzing the TDOAs of the detected pulses in order to determine whether any of the detected pulses are abnormal, wherein an abnormal pulse is a pulse for which the TDOA is outside of a tolerance from an expected TDOA;

modifying the TDOA for at least certain types of abnormal pulses;

estimating a pulse parameter for the signal based on an analysis of the TDOAs for a set of detected pulses that includes a current pulse, wherein the modified TDOA is used for the certain types of the abnormal pulses; and

based on the estimated pulse parameter, deriving the expected TDOA for the next pulse that is detected after the current pulse,

wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:

selecting a time window from a plurality of time windows, based at least in part on a magnitude of an error, wherein the error is derived from a previously generated value for the pulse parameter and current pulse information.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein estimating the pulse parameter includes determining a new value for the pulse parameter by analyzing pulse information that is collected over the selected time window.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the pulse parameter is a pulse repetition interval (PRI) and further comprising:

generating a set of time windows based, at least in part, on a stored set of window parameters and the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the signal, wherein each window parameter has a value that is based on a pulse characteristic; and

wherein

analyzing the TDOAs of the detected pulses in order to determine whether any of the detected pulses are abnormal is based on the set of time windows and a time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the current pulse relative to the last detected pulse.

26. The method of claim 22, further comprising:

in response to determining that a pulse is abnormal;

identifying an abnormal pulse characteristic for the abnormal pulse, based upon which time window of the set of time windows that the abnormal pulse is associated with; and

storing a value that defines the abnormal pulse characteristic.

27. A method for extracting pulse parameters from a signal, said method comprising:

detecting pulses in the signal;

selecting a time interval from a plurality of time intervals, based at least in part on a magnitude of an error; and

determining a new value for a pulse parameter by analyzing pulse information that is collected over the selected time interval;

wherein the error is based on a difference between pulse information derived, at least in part, from a particular detected pulse and a value of the pulse parameter estimated by analyzing pulse information that is derived, at least in part, from pulses detected prior to the particular detected pulse but not the particular detected pulse,

wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices.

28. A method for detecting abnormal pulses in a signal, said method comprising:

detecting pulses in the signal;

recording an arrival time of each detected pulse;

generating a set of time windows based, at least in part, on a set of window parameters and a pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the signal, wherein each window parameter has a value that is based on a pulse characteristic;

determining whether a particular pulse is an abnormal pulse, based on the set of time windows and a time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the particular pulse relative to the pulse detected prior to the particular pulse; and

in response to determining that the particular pulse is abnormal;

identifying an abnormal pulse characteristic for the particular pulse, based upon in which time window of the set of time windows that the particular pulse arrived; and

storing a value that defines the abnormal pulse characteristic,

wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices.

29. A non-transitory machine-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions for extracting pulse parameters from a signal, wherein execution of the one or more sequences of instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform the steps of:

detecting pulses and recording an arrival time of each detected pulse, wherein a time difference of arrival (TDOA) for a given pulse is the difference between the arrival time for the given pulse and the last detected pulse;

analyzing the TDOAs of the detected pulses in order to determine whether any of the detected pulses are abnormal, wherein an abnormal pulse is a pulse for which the TDOA is outside of a tolerance from an expected TDOA;

modifying the TDOA for at least certain types of abnormal pulses;

estimating a pulse parameter for the signal based on an analysis of the TDOAs for a set of detected pulses that includes a current pulse, wherein the modified TDOA is used for the certain types of the abnormal pulses; and

based on the estimated pulse parameter, deriving the expected TDOA for the next pulse that is detected after the current pulse.

30. A non-transitory machine-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions for extracting pulse parameters from a signal, wherein execution of the one or more sequences of instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform the steps of:

detecting pulses in the signal;

selecting a time interval from a plurality of time intervals, based at least in part on a magnitude of an error; and

determining a new value for a pulse parameter by analyzing pulse information that is collected over the selected time interval;

wherein the error is based on a difference between pulse information derived, at least in part, from a particular detected pulse and a value of the pulse parameter estimated by analyzing pulse information that is derived, at least in part, from pulses detected prior to the particular detected pulse but not the particular detected pulse.

31. A non-transitory machine-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions for detecting abnormal pulses in a signal, wherein execution of the one or more sequences of instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform the steps of:

detecting pulses in the signal;

recording an arrival time of each detected pulse;

generating a set of time windows based, at least in part, on a set of window parameters and a pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the signal, wherein each window parameter has a value that is based on a pulse characteristic;

determining whether a particular pulse is an abnormal pulse, based on the set of time windows and a time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the particular pulse relative to the pulse detected prior to the particular pulse; and

in response to determining that the particular pulse is abnormal;

identifying an abnormal pulse characteristic for the particular pulse, based upon in which time window of the set of time windows that the particular pulse arrived; and

storing a value that defines the abnormal pulse characteristic.