Formal language and translator for parallel processing of data

• US 7,921,416 B2
• Filed: 10/20/2006
• Issued: 04/05/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/20/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: R2 Solutions LLC (Acacia Research Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Yahoo! Inc. (Apollo Global Management, Inc.)
• Inventors: Olston, Christopher, Fontoura, Marcus Felipe, Reed, Benjamin Clay, Ravikumar, Shanmugasundaram, Tomkins, Andrew, Josifovski, Vanja
• Primary Examiner(s): Yigdall; Michael J
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHOWDHURY, ZIAUL A.
• Application Number:
  US11/551,336
• Publication Number:
  US 20080098370A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,628 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 717/139
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/2438 Embedded query languages
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/2452 Query translation

Abstract

The present invention, in an example embodiment, provides a special-purpose formal language and translator for the parallel processing of large databases in a distributed system. The special-purpose language has features of both a declarative programming language and a procedural programming language and supports the co-grouping of tables, each with an arbitrary alignment function, and the specification of procedural operations to be performed on the resulting co-groups. The language'"'"'s translator translates a program in the language into optimized structured calls to an application programming interface for implementations of functionality related to the parallel processing of tasks over a distributed system. In an example embodiment, the application programming interface includes interfaces for MapReduce functionality, whose implementations are supplemented by the embodiment.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

accepting as input a program written in a formal language, wherein the input program comprises a plurality of operators that enable a declarative co-grouping of one or more tables, each with an alignment function, and a specification of zero or more procedural operations to be performed on each resulting co-group;

co-grouping one or more tables referenced in the program into one or more co-groups according to one or more operators of the formal language used in the program;

determining zero or more user-specified operations to be performed on each co-group according to the one or more operators of the formal language used in the program; and

a translator corresponding to the formal language program translating the program into one or more jobs according to the one or more operators of the formal language used in the program and based on the one or more co-groups and the zero or more operations to be performed on each co-group, wherein each job comprises one or more structured calls to an application programming interface for encoded logic that is operable to generate a plurality of tasks for the parallel processing of the job on one or more data processing devices in a distributed system.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

assigning the plurality of tasks to the one or more data processing devices; and

processing two or more of the plurality of tasks in parallel.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the formal language comprises language constructs that are both declarative and procedural.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the distributed system utilizes a master-servant communication protocol.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the tables are flat-file databases.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the application programming interface comprises Map and Reduce interfaces.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of structured calls is minimized through query optimization.

8. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media Embodying software operable when executed by one or more computer systems to:

accept as input a program written in a formal language, wherein the input program comprises a plurality of operators that enable a declarative co-grouping of one or more tables, each with an alignment function, and a specification of zero or more procedural operations to be performed on each resulting co-group;

co-group one or more tables referenced in the program into one or more co-groups according to one or more operators of the formal language used in the program;

determine zero or more user-specified operations to be performed on each co-group according to the one or more operators of the formal language used in the program; and

translate the program into one or more jobs according to the one or more operators of the formal language used in the program and based on the one or more co-groups and the zero or more operations to be performed on each co-group, wherein each job comprises one or more structured calls to an application programming interface for encoded logic that is operable to generate a plurality of tasks for the parallel processing of the job on one or more data processing devices in a distributed system.

9. The media of claim 8, wherein the software when executed by one or more computer systems is further operable to:

assign the tasks to data processing devices in a distributed system; and

process the tasks in parallel.

10. The media of claim 8, wherein the formal language comprises language constructs that are both declarative and procedural.

11. The media of claim 8, wherein the distributed system utilizes a master-servant communication protocol.

12. The media of claim 8, wherein the tables are flat-file databases.

13. The media of claim 8, wherein the application programming interface comprises Map and Reduce interfaces.

14. The media of claim 8, wherein the number of structured calls is minimized through query optimization.

15. An apparatus comprising:

a processor and a non-transitory memory storing executable instructions which when executed perform plurality of steps comprising;

accepting as input a program written in a formal language, wherein the input program comprises a plurality of operators that enable a declarative co-grouping of one or more tables, each with an alignment function, and a specification of zero or more procedural operations to be performed on each resulting co-group; and

co-grouping one or more tables referenced in the program into one or more co-groups according to one or more operators of the formal language used in the program;

determining zero or more user-specified operations to be performed on each co-group according to the one or more operators of the formal language used in the program;

translating the program into one or more jobs according to the one or more operators of the formal language used in the program and based on the one or more co-groups and the zero or more operations to be performed on each co-group, wherein each job comprises one or more structured calls to an application programming interface for encoded logic that is operable to generate a plurality of tasks for the parallel processing of the job on one or more data processing devices in a distributed system;

assigning the tasks to data-processing devices in a distributed system; and

processing the tasks in parallel.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the formal language comprises language constructs that are both declarative and procedural.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the distributed system utilizes a master-servant communication protocol.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the tables are flat-file databases.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the application programming interface comprises Map and Reduce interfaces.

20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the number of structured calls is minimized through query optimization.