Reverse photoacoustic standoff spectroscopy

• US 7,924,423 B2
• Filed: 08/11/2008
• Issued: 04/12/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 08/11/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Tennessee Research Foundation (University of Tennessee), UT-Battelle LLC
• Original Assignee: UT-Battelle LLC
• Inventors: Van Neste, Charles W., Thundat, Thomas G., Senesac, Lawrence R.
• Primary Examiner(s): LAUCHMAN, LAYLA G
• Application Number:
  US12/189,663
• Publication Number:
  US 20100033720A1
• Time in Patent Office: 974 Days
• Field of Search: 356/432, 356/437, 356/300, 356/303, 356/326, 356/73
• US Class Current: 356/432
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1793 Remote sensing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/4709 Backscatter
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/4735 Solid samples, e.g. paper, glass
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/1702 with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/47 Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection G01N21/25, G01N21/41 take precedence G01N21/55 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0427 Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/2418 using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics photoacoustic cells G01N21/1702; measuring characteristics of vibrations by using radiation-sensitive means G01H9/00; acousto-optical conversion techniques for short-range imaging G01S15/8965; sound-producing devices using laser bundle G10K15/046

Abstract

A system and method are disclosed for generating a reversed photoacoustic spectrum at a greater distance. A source may emit a beam to a target and a detector measures signals generated as a result of the beam being emitted on the target. By emitting a chopped/pulsed light beam to the target, it may be possible to determine the target'"'"'s optical absorbance by monitoring the intensity of light collected at the detector at different wavelengths. As the wavelength of light is changed, the target may absorb or reject each optical frequency. Rejection may increase the intensity at the sensing element and absorption may decrease the intensity. Accordingly, an identifying spectrum of the target may be made with the intensity variation of the detector as a function of illuminating wavelength.

Claims

1. A standoff spectroscopy system comprising:

a light source that emits pulsed light;

a target that is illuminated by the light source, wherein at least some of the pulsed light at the target is scattered, reflected, or refracted;

a vibratory detector that measures the scattered pulsed light from the target, wherein a photoacoustic wave is produced on a surface of the detector creating a mechanical vibration of the detector that is used to measure the intensity of the scattered pulsed light as the optical frequency of the light is varied; and

a collection optic that focuses the scattered, reflected, or refracted light onto the vibratory detector;

wherein the target is located away from the light source and the detector in the standoff spectroscopy system.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein an amplitude of the vibration of the detector is used to measure the intensity of the scattered pulsed light as the optical frequency of the light is varied.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein a frequency of the pulsed light corresponds with a resonant frequency of the vibratory detector.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the pulsed or chopped light creates an acoustic wave on the surface of the vibratory detector.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the detector comprises of any mechanical resonator and the pulse or chop frequency of the light corresponds with the resonant frequency of the mechanical resonator.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein the light source comprises of any light source.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein an analysis of the reversed photoacoustic spectrum identifies the target.

8. A standoff spectroscopy system comprising:

a quantum cascade laser light source that emits pulsed light;

a target that is illuminated by the light source;

wherein at least some of the pulsed light at the target is scattered; and

a quartz crystal tuning fork distanced from the target, the quartz crystal tuning fork being used as a detector that measures the scattered pulsed light from the target, wherein the scattered pulsed light from the target produces a photoacoustic wave on the surface of the detector creating a mechanical vibration of the detector.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the scattered pulsed light is reflected or refracted from the target.

10. The system of claim 8 wherein the quartz crystal tuning fork is optically coated for increased absorbance by the pulsed light beam and/or placed in an environment which enhances effects of the tuning fork.

11. The system of claim 8 further comprising a collection optic that focuses the scattered pulsed light onto at least one tine of the quartz crystal tuning fork.

12. The system of claim 8 wherein an amplitude of the vibration of the detector is used to measure an intensity of the scattered pulsed light as the optical frequency of the light is varied.

13. The system of claim 8 wherein a frequency of the pulsed light corresponds with a resonant frequency of the quartz crystal tuning fork.

14. The system of claim 8 wherein the light beam is pulsed at varying frequencies and an intensity of the photoacoustic wave is used to create a spectrum at the varying frequencies.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein an analysis of the reversed photoacoustic spectrum identifies the target.

16. A system for standoff spectroscopy comprising:

a target;

a source array comprising a plurality of sources that each emit a pulsed light beam with different pulse frequencies onto the target at a predetermined frequency; and

a detector array located a distance from the target, the detector array comprising a plurality of detectors that each have a predetermined resonant frequency, wherein the resonant frequency for each of the detectors corresponds with the predetermined frequency from one of the sources, further wherein each of the detectors measures, on a surface of that detector, an optical scattering, reflection, or refraction by the target of the pulsed light beam from the corresponding one of the sources.

17. The system of claim 16 further comprising a collection optic that focuses the reflected light from the target to the detector array.

18. The system of claim 16 wherein the measurement at each of the detectors comprises an acoustic or vibrational measurement generated on the surface of the detector.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein a spectrum of the measurement is generated based on the measured vibrational intensity at the predetermined frequencies of each of the sources.

23. The system of claim 19 wherein an acoustic wave is generated on the surface from the scattered or reflected pulsed light of the quartz crystal tuning fork driving the quartz crystal tuning fork into a mechanical vibration that is measured.

20. A system for standoff spectroscopy of a target comprising:

a quantum cascade laser array that emits pulsed light beams onto the target;

a collection optic that receives scattered, reflected, and/or refracted light from the pulsed light beams being rejected by the target; and

a quartz crystal tuning fork array that receives the scattered, reflected, and/or refracted light from the collection optic and generates a vibration on each of the quartz crystal tuning forks in the array.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein the quartz crystal tuning fork array is optically coated for increased absorbance by the pulsed light beams and/or placed in an environment which enhances effects of each tuning fork in the array.

22. The system of claim 20 wherein the collection optic focuses the scattered, reflected, or refracted light onto the quartz crystal tuning fork array.

24. The system of claim 20 wherein the light beam is tuned to different optical frequencies and the intensity of the acoustic wave on the surface of the quartz crystal tuning fork is used to create a spectrum at the different optical frequencies.