System and method for supporting a biological chip device

• US 7,927,869 B2
• Filed: 11/29/2006
• Issued: 04/19/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 11/29/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Spencer Z. Rosero
• Original Assignee: Spencer Z. Rosero
• Inventors: Rosero, Spencer Z
• Primary Examiner(s): Beisner; William H
• Assistant Examiner(s): HOBBS, MICHAEL L
• Application Number:
  US11/564,513
• Publication Number:
  US 20070254004A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,602 Days
• Field of Search: 435/3, 435/286.4, 435/286.5, 435/286.7, 435/303.1, 435/423, 165/159, 165/160
• US Class Current: 435/303.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0008 Temperature signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0084 for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters A61B5/1459 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/01 Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue clinical contact thermometers G01K13/20
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/076 Permanent implantations telemetry using implanted circuitry A61B5/0031; implanted stimulators for therapy A61N1/3605, A61N1/362, A61N1/372
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/145 Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissuemeasuring of blood pressure or blood flow A61B5/02; non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood A61B5/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/022 Transponder chips
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/023 Sending and receiving of information, e.g. using bluetooth
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0627 Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0874 Three dimensional network
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/10 Means to control humidity and/or other gases
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/185 using a liquid as fluid
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/1894 Cooling means; Cryo cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502715 characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/00 Heating or cooling apparatus autoclaves B01J3/04; Heat insulating devices
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 25/14 Scaffolds; Matrices in general C12N5/0068
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 27/10 Rotating vessel
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 41/36 of biomass, e.g. colony counters or by turbidity measurements electrooptical investigation of individual particles G01N15/14, flow cytometers G01N15/1404
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 41/46 : of cellular or enzymatic activity or functionality, e.g. cell viability

Abstract

A support apparatus for maintaining, storing, and transporting biological materials, such as cells. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, the biologic materials may be integrated to an electronic component to form a biological chip device, which may be supported, transported, and adapted for interconnection with other such devices through the use of a support apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the invention. In certain embodiments, the support apparatus can generate signals and/or translate signals received for processing and/or relaying to another device or module (e.g., another support apparatus). A plurality of biological chip devices and associated support apparatuses can be supported and linked in a network to perform various desired functions.

Claims

1. An apparatus for supporting biological materials, the apparatus comprising:

a housing for providing a sustaining environment to biological materials which may be placed therein, wherein the housing comprises an inner portion and an outer portion, the inner portion being disposed within the outer portion to form a space therebetween, wherein the inner portion of the housing is adapted to provide the sustaining environment to a three-dimensional arrangement of living cells, and wherein the space between the inner and outer portions of the housing includes a gel having desired thermal characteristics;

a fluid source for supplying a fluid to the sustaining environment in the housing;

a nutrient source for supplying nutrients to the sustaining environment in the housing;

an excitation emitter for transferring energy to the housing; and

an energy transfer portion for transferring energy from the housing.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the space between the inner and outer portions of the housing includes a thermal control element.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the space between the inner and outer portions of the housing includes an environmental sensor.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the housing is adapted to maintain the fluid in the sustaining environment in at least partial fluid contact with biological materials being supported within the housing.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fluid is in a phase selected from the group consisting of liquid, gas, and plasma.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the fluid is at least partially a liquid, the liquid adapted to be in contact with biological materials being supported within the housing by occupying more than a specified volume of the inner portion of the housing.

7. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising a holding portion for holding the biological materials, the holding portion located within the inner portion to facilitate fluid contact with biological materials being supported within the housing.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein fluid contact with biological materials is maintained regardless of orientation of the apparatus.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the inner portion of the housing is generally spherical.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the inner portion is adapted to substantially maintain an orientation within the apparatus due to gravitational effects.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises a biocompatible enclosure.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the enclosure is adapted to form a watertight seal.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the biological materials to be supported include a biological materials component of a biological chip device.

14. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the sustaining environment provides a liquid and gas interface for the biological materials to be supported.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the inner portion of the housing is adapted to spin about a spin axis.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the spin axis is adjustable.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the inner portion is adapted to spin continuously.

18. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the inner portion is adapted to spin intermittently.

19. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a fluid transfer conduit for providing the fluid supplied by the fluid source to a fluid exchange.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the fluid exchange is located within the inner portion.

21. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least one of the nutrient source and fluid source is a fluid pump.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the fluid pump is a hydrostatic pump.

23. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the fluid pump is an osmotic pump.

24. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the fluid pump is powered by gravity.

25. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the fluid pump provides a pulsatile flow.

26. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a connection strut for coupling a biological chip device disposed within the inner portion to external services.

27. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the excitation emitter is an electromagnetic energy source.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the electromagnetic energy source is selected from the group consisting of light, electrical, and radiation sources.

29. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the excitation emitter is a mechanical energy source.

30. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the excitation emitter is a thermal energy source.

31. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the energy transferred to the housing by the excitation emitter is used to trigger an event.

32. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the energy transfer portion is adapted to transfer electromagnetic energy from the housing.

33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the electromagnetic energy being transferred from the housing contains information about any of cell growth, cell shape, cell division, and cell function associated with the biological materials.

34. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the electromagnetic energy is transferred from the housing photodetectors.

35. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein the photodetectors are adapted to sense light signals provided by the biological materials.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the photodetectors are adapted to sense light signals provided by one or more fluorescent proteins.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the photodetectors are adapted to sense light signals provided by green fluorescent protein.

38. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the photodetectors are adapted to sense optical characteristics of light signals from the biological materials.

39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein optical characteristics of light signals are sensed using reflectometry.

40. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein light signals are compared to a baseline signal.

41. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein the photodetectors are adapted to sense morphological changes in light signals from the baseline signal.

42. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the energy transfer portion is adapted to transfer mechanical energy from the housing.

43. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the mechanical energy is sensed using one or more stress/strain gages.

44. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the energy transfer portion is adapted to transfer thermal energy from the housing.

45. The apparatus of claim 44 wherein thermal energy from the housing is sensed using thermocouples.