Morphology based arrhythmia detection

• US 7,930,020 B2
• Filed: 04/27/2007
• Issued: 04/19/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Zhang, Xin, Gillberg, Jeffrey M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bertram; Eric D.
• Application Number:
  US11/741,057
• Publication Number:
  US 20080269624A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,453 Days
• Field of Search: 600/515
• US Class Current: 600/515
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0215 by means inserted into the body catheters A61M25/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/363 Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7239 using differentiation including higher order derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3621 for treating or preventing abnormally high heart rate

Abstract

A medical device system and associated method sample an EGM signal over a processing window having a predetermined time duration. A number of morphology metrics are determined from the sampled EGM signal, and a heart rhythm is detected in response to the morphology metrics without determining depolarization intervals. The morphology metrics include metrics determined from a slope signal derived from the EGM signal in one embodiment.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

sensing a cardiac electrogram (EGM) signal, comprising cardiac depolarization signals, along a plurality of sensing vectors;

sampling the EGM signal over a processing window having a predetermined time duration;

determining a plurality of morphology metrics and associated weighting factors from the sampled EGM signal, a morphology metric of the plurality of morphology metrics having a first weighting factor associating a first sensing vector of the plurality of sensing vectors and a second weighting factor, different from the first weighting factor, associated with a second sensing vector of the plurality of sensing vectors different from the first sensing vector;

updating a value of a rhythm counter based on the associated weighting factors; and

classifying a heart rhythm in response to the updated value of the rhythm counter, the heart rhythm being detected without determining intervals between the cardiac depolarization signals.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics comprises determining a slope signal by computing a difference between a plurality of pairs of EGM signal samples.

3. The method according to claim 2 wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics further comprises determining a low slope content.

4. The method according to claim 2 wherein the slope signal comprises multiple signal peaks corresponding to multiple cardiac depolarizations occurring during the processing window and wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics further comprises determining a number of signal peaks occurring during the processing window.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the EGM signal comprises multiple peaks corresponding to multiple cardiac depolarization signals occurring during the processing window and wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics comprises aligning the multiple peaks and determining a template corresponding to the aligned multiple peaks.

6. The method according to claim 5 wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics further comprises comparing each of the multiple peaks to the template.

7. The method according to claim 1 wherein detecting the heart rhythm comprises comparing a morphology metric of the plurality of morphology metrics to a threshold requirement corresponding to a first heart rhythm and increasing a first rhythm counter corresponding to the first heart rhythm in response to the morphology metric meeting the threshold requirement.

8. The method according to claim 7 wherein detecting the heart rhythm further comprises:

increasing a second rhythm counter corresponding to a second heart rhythm in response to the morphology metric not meeting the threshold requirement corresponding to the first heart rhythm;

comparing the first rhythm counter to the second rhythm counter; and

detecting the heart rhythm in response to the comparing of the first rhythm counter and the second rhythm counter.

9. The method according to claim 8 wherein detecting the heart rhythm further comprises comparing a second of the plurality of morphology metrics to a second threshold requirement in response to the first rhythm counter and the second rhythm counter being equal.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method comprising:

sensing a cardiac electrogram (EGM) signal, comprising cardiac depolarization signals, along a plurality of sensing vectors;

sampling an EGM signal over a processing window having a predetermined time duration;

determining a plurality of morphology metrics and associated weighting factors from the sampled EGM signal, a morphology metric of the plurality of morphology metrics having a first weighting factor associating a first sensing vector of the plurality of sensing vectors and a second weighting factor, different from the first weighting factor, associated with a second sensing vector of the plurality of sensing vectors different from the first sensing vector;

updating a value of a rhythm counter based on the associated weighting factors; and

classifying a heart rhythm in response to a value of the updated rhythm counter, the heart rhythm being detected without determining intervals between the cardiac depolarization signals.

11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 10 wherein the EGM signal comprises multiple peaks corresponding to multiple cardiac depolarization signals occurring during the processing window and wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics further comprises aligning the multiple peaks and determining a template corresponding to the aligned multiple peaks.

12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 10 wherein detecting the heart rhythm comprises comparing a one of the plurality of morphology metrics to a threshold requirement corresponding to a first heart rhythm and increasing a first rhythm counter corresponding to the first heart rhythm by an increment in response to the morphology metric meeting the threshold requirement.

13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 12 wherein detecting the heart rhythm further comprises:

increasing a second rhythm counter corresponding to a second heart rhythm in response to the morphology metric not meeting the threshold requirement corresponding to the first heart rhythm;

comparing the first rhythm counter to the second rhythm counter; and

detecting the heart rhythm in response to the comparison of the first rhythm counter and the second rhythm counter.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 13 wherein detecting the heart rhythm further comprises comparing a second of the plurality of morphology metrics to a second threshold requirement in response to the first rhythm counter and the second rhythm counter being equal.

15. A medical device, comprising:

a plurality of electrodes sensing an EGM signal, comprising cardiac depolarization signals, along a plurality of sensing vectors;

an analog-to-digital convertor for sampling the EGM signal over a processing window having a predetermined time duration;

a digital signal processor for determining a plurality of morphology metrics from the sampled EGM signal; and

a rhythm detection module configured to classify a heart rhythm in response to the morphology metrics, wherein each of the plurality of morphology metrics is associated with a weighting factor, a morphology metric of the plurality of morphology metrics having a first weighting factor associating a first sensing vector of the plurality of sensing vectors and a second weighting factor, different from the first weighting factor, associated with a second sensing vector of the plurality of sensing vectors different from the first sensing vector, wherein a rhythm counter is updated based on the weighting factor, and wherein the heart rhythm classification is based on the weighting factor.

16. The device according to claim 15 wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics comprises determining a slope signal by computing a difference between a plurality of pairs of EGM signal samples.

17. The device according to claim 16 wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics further comprises determining a low slope content.

18. The device according to claim 16 wherein the slope signal comprises multiple signal peaks corresponding to multiple cardiac depolarizations occurring during the processing window and wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics comprises determining a number of signal peaks occurring during the processing window.

19. The device according to claim 16 wherein the EGM signal comprises multiple peaks corresponding to multiple cardiac depolarizations occurring during the processing window and wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics further comprises aligning the multiple peaks and determine a template corresponding to the aligned multiple peaks.

20. The device according to claim 19 wherein determining the plurality of morphology metrics further comprises comparing each of the multiple peaks to the template.

21. The device according to claim 15 wherein the rhythm detection module comprises a plurality of rhythm counters corresponding to each of a plurality of heart rhythms and wherein detecting the heart rhythm comprises comparing a morphology metric of the plurality of morphology metrics to a threshold requirement corresponding to a first heart rhythm and increasing a first rhythm counter corresponding to the first heart rhythm by an increment in response to the morphology metric meeting the threshold requirement.

22. The device according to claim 21 wherein detecting the heart rhythm further comprises:

increasing a second rhythm counter corresponding to a second heart rhythm in response to the morphology metric not meeting the threshold requirement corresponding to the first heart rhythm;

comparing the first rhythm counter to the second rhythm counter; and

detecting the heart rhythm in response to the comparison of the first rhythm counter and the second rhythm counter.

23. The device according to claim 22 wherein detecting the heart rhythm further comprises comparing a second of the plurality of morphology metrics to a second threshold requirement in response to the first rhythm counter and the second rhythm counter being equal.