Lithium-ion battery

• US 7,931,987 B2
• Filed: 05/27/2010
• Issued: 04/26/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Howard, William G., Scott, Erik R., Schmidt, Craig L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weiner; Laura S
• Application Number:
  US12/789,149
• Publication Number:
  US 20100239908A1
• Time in Patent Office: 334 Days
• Field of Search: 429/231.3, 429/231.1, 429/231.5, 429/217, 429/245, 429/233, 429/247, 429/249, 429/94, 429/129, 429/322, 429/324, 429/323
• US Class Current: 429/231.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3605 Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/378 Electrical supply
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4235 Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte H01M10/4242 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/136 Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/362 Composites
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/382 Lithium H01M4/405 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5815 Sulfides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material comprising LiCoO₂ and a negative electrode comprising a current collector, a second active material, and a third active material. The second active material comprises a lithium titanate material and the third active material is V₂O₅. The third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.

Claims

1. A lithium-ion battery comprising:

a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material, the first active material comprising LiCoO₂; and

a negative electrode comprising a current collector, a second active material, and a third active material, wherein the second active material comprises a lithium titanate material and the third active material is V₂O₅;

wherein the third active material exhibits charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material.

2. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode have a zero voltage crossing potential below the corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above the decomposition potential of the first active material.

3. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the first active material further comprises a binder material.

4. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the current collector of the negative electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, aluminum, and titanium.

5. The lithium-ion battery of claim 4, wherein the second active material comprises Li₄Ti₅O₁₂.

6. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, further comprising a quantity of lithium provided in electrical contact with the current collector of the negative electrode.

7. The lithium-ion battery of claim 6, wherein the quantity of lithium is configured to provide a lithium capacity for the negative electrode sufficient to at least compensate for irreversible loss of capacity of the negative electrode.

8. The lithium-ion battery of claim 6, wherein the quantity of lithium is configured to provide a lithium capacity equal to the sum of the irreversible loss of capacity of the negative electrode and the capacity of the third active material.

9. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, further comprising a porous polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

10. The lithium-ion battery of claim 9, wherein the porous polymeric separator comprises micropores configured to allow electrolyte to flow from one side of the separator to the other.

11. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the first active material is coated on both sides of the positive electrode.

12. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound electrodes.

13. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, further comprising a battery case formed of a stainless steel.

14. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1, further comprising a liquid electrolyte.

15. The lithium-ion battery of claim 14, wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises at least one lithium salt dissolved in at least one non-aqueous solvent.

16. A battery comprising:

a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode comprises a first active material comprising LiCoO₂ and the negative electrode comprises a second active material comprising a lithium titanate material and a third active material comprising V₂O₅.

17. The battery of claim 16, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have zero voltage crossing potentials above the decomposition potential of the first active material and below a corrosion potential of a current collector of the negative electrode.

18. The battery of claim 16, wherein the first active material further comprises a PVDF binder.

19. The battery of claim 16, further comprising a polymeric separator provided intermediate the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

20. The battery of claim 19, wherein the polymeric separator comprises micropores configured to allow electrolyte to flow from one side of the separator to the other.

21. The battery of claim 19, wherein the polymeric separator comprises a polyolefin material and is formed as a laminate.

22. The battery of claim 16, further comprising a liquid electrolyte comprising at least one lithium salt dissolved in at least one non-aqueous solvent.

23. The battery of claim 16, wherein the first active material is provided on both sides of the positive electrode.

24. The battery of claim 16, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound electrodes.

25. The battery of claim 16, wherein the lithium titanate material comprises Li₄Ti₅O₁₂.

26. The battery of claim 16, wherein the negative electrode further comprises a current collector that comprises copper.

27. A battery comprising:

a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode comprising a LiCoO₂ active material and the negative electrode comprising Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ and V₂O₅ active materials;

a liquid electrolyte; and

a separator provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator comprises a polymeric material and includes pores for allowing the liquid electrolyte to pass through the separator.

28. The battery of claim 27, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode have zero voltage crossing potentials below a corrosion potential of a current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the LiCoO₂ active material.

29. The battery of claim 27, wherein the negative electrode comprises a current collector formed of a material selected from the group consisting of copper, titanium, aluminum, and nickel.

30. The battery of claim 27, wherein the separator comprises a polyolefin material formed as a laminate.

31. The battery of claim 27, wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises at least one lithium salt dissolved in at least one non-aqueous solvent.

32. The battery of claim 31, wherein the at least one lithium salt comprises LiPF₆ and the solvent comprises a mixture comprising ethylene carbonate and diethylene carbonate.

33. The battery of claim 27, wherein the battery has a capacity between approximately 10 mAh and 1000 mAh.