Method and system for producing alternative liquid fuels or chemicals

• US 7,932,297 B2
• Filed: 01/14/2009
• Issued: 04/26/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 01/14/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Logos Technologies Holdco, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Pennsylvania Sustainable Technologies LLC (Instem Plc)
• Inventors: Griffin, Thomas Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Davis; Brian J
• Application Number:
  US12/353,702
• Publication Number:
  US 20090182176A1
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 518/702
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00006 Large-scale industrial plants
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0205 containing a reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0222 containing a non-catalytic carbon dioxide reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0233 the reforming step being a steam reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/025 containing a partial oxidation step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0266 containing a decomposition step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1241 Natural gas or methane
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1247 Higher hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/141 At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/24 of hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/36 using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 29/32 increasing the number of carbon atoms by reactions without formation of -OH groups
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 31/12 containing four carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 31/125 containing five to twenty-two carbon atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2200/158 Screws
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1659 to liquid hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1665 to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/00 Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels destructive distillation processes C10B
• CPC Class Codes: C10K 3/00 Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C10K 3/02 by catalytic treatment
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/18 : Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/10 : Process efficiency

Abstract

A method and system for the production of valuable chemicals or alternative liquid fuels via an integrated biomass conversion and upgrading process is disclosed. The process integrates three subcomponent processes, capturing the desirable attributes of each: zoned partial oxidation, alcohol production, and gas-to-liquids reformation. The method and system may include reacting gasification intermediates—e.g., syngas from zoned partial oxidation, with bioprocessing intermediates—e.g., aqueous ethanol from alcohol production in a reactive separation to produce a product(s) of higher alcohols, liquid hydrocarbons, or a combination of these. The product(s) can be split into two (or more) boiling point fractions by the same reactive separations unit operation. The resulting product(s) are valuable for a variety of applications, including potentially as alternative (non-fossil-based) liquid transportation fuels.

Claims

1. A method for converting hydrocarbon-containing materials into valuable chemicals, the method comprising:

producing a syngas intermediate comprising hydrogen and CO by zoned partial oxidation and/or gasification of at least a portion of a hydrocarbon-containing material input;

introducing the syngas intermediate into a reactive separation unit;

producing in an alcohol generation unit an alcohol intermediate comprising at least one or more alcohols or aqueous mixtures containing one or more alcohols;

introducing the alcohol intermediate into the reactive separation unit; and

chemically reforming the syngas intermediate and the alcohol intermediate in the reactive separation unit to produce at least one product selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbons, higher alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the zoned partial oxidation and/or gasification is performed using a molten metal system.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the zoned partial oxidation and/or gasification is performed using a fluidized bed system.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon-containing material input includes a combination of biomass and other hydrocarbon-containing materials.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the alcohol intermediate is produced by fermentation of biomass.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

introducing at least a portion of bulk solids into the zoned partial oxidation unit, the bulk solids including solid matter greater than l mm in size.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

subjecting the hydrocarbon-containing material input to a thermal or pyrolysis pretreatment in a first zone in the zoned partial oxidation unit, the thermal or pyrolysis pretreatment resulting in tars, gases, char, or other solid residuals; and

processing the resultant tars, gases, chars, or other solid residuals in one or more subsequent zones in the zoned partial oxidation unit to produce the syngas.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

gasification processing of supplemental inputs in a zoned partial oxidation unit, the supplemental inputs comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of;

(i) solid byproduct derived from fermentation of biomass after first subjecting an aqueous slurry, fermentation intermediate to coarse solid-liquid separation;

(ii) hydrocarbon-containing materials at least partially derived from biomass;

(iii) hydrocarbon-containing materials from available waste or other byproduct streams or inventories;

(iv) one or more carbon-rich materials;

(v) one or more hydrogen-rich materials; and

(vi) combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

recombining the syngas intermediate streams generated in the zoned partial oxidation unit so as to achieve a desired H₂/CO ratio in the syngas prior to chemically reforming; and

adjusting the rate or composition of the syngas intermediate introduced into the reactive separation unit and adjusting the rate or composition of the supplemental inputs in the zoned partial oxidation unit using feedback control to achieve a final desired product composition.

10. A method for converting hydrocarbon-containing materials into valuable chemicals, the method comprising:

feeding a stream of materials into an alcohol generation unit to produce a first stream of alcohol-containing aqueous intermediate;

subjecting the first stream to primary separations processing in a primary separations unit to remove a mixture of water and solids and to produce a resultant stream of aqueous alcohol;

feeding one or more non-fermentable solid streams into a zoned partial oxidation unit;

introducing a first co-feed stream into the zoned partial oxidation unit, the first co-feed stream comprising a carbon-rich or hydrogen-rich stream;

introducing a second co-feed stream into the zoned partial oxidation unit, the second co-feed stream comprising an oxidant relative to the conditions in the zoned partial oxidation unit;

carrying out one or more processes selected from the group consisting of devolatilization, pyrolysis, and partial oxidation in the zoned partial oxidation unit;

yielding at least one of a hydrogen-rich syngas intermediate output and a CO-rich syngas intermediate output from the zoned partial oxidation unit;

combining or recombining the at least one of hydrogen-rich syngas intermediate output and the CO-rich syngas intermediate output to produce a combined syngas stream;

concurrently introducing the combined syngas stream and the resultant stream of aqueous alcohol into a reactive separation unit, the reactive separation unit subjecting the combined syngas stream and the resultant stream of aqueous alcohol to gas-to-liquid reformation reactions; and

producing a product stream comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of a higher alcohol liquid, an aliphatic liquid hydrocarbon, and mixtures thereof.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first stream of alcohol-containing aqueous intermediate is a bioethanol-water intermediate.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the removed mixture of water and solids is processed into dried distiller'"'"'s grains, and the water is recovered, treated and recycled for further fermentation or process uses.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the gas-to-liquid reformation reaction(s) in the reactive separation unit are accomplished by a process selected from staged reaction and distillation or reactive distillation.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein zoned partial oxidation is carried out using a process selected from fluidized-bed gasification or molten-metal gasification.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more non-fermentable solids fed into the zoned partial oxidation unit includes additional biomass.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the additional biomass comprises non-fermentable fractions comprised of one or more components selected from the group consisting of cellulosic material, lignin, byproducts or wastes of pulp or paper processing, and mixtures thereof.

17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

producing a hydrogen-rich syngas intermediate output and a CO-rich syngas intermediate output from the zoned partial oxidation unit;

recombining the hydrogen-rich syngas intermediate output and the CO-rich syngas intermediate output to produce a combined syngas stream of desired composition prior to introducing the combined syngas stream into the reactive separation unit.