Differential entropy based data compression for waveforms

• US 7,933,658 B2
• Filed: 03/26/2007
• Issued: 04/26/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 03/26/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Corndorf, Eric D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Manuel; George
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wieland; Robert N
• Application Number:
  US11/691,093
• Publication Number:
  US 20080243206A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,492 Days
• Field of Search: 607/60, 600/509, 704/230, 375/240.12
• US Class Current: 607/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/025 Digital circuitry features of electrotherapy devices, e.g. memory, clocks, processors
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3702 Physiological parameters A61N1/365 takes precedence; evoked response A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3706 Pacemaker parameters stimulation threshold A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37252 Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37254 Pacemaker or defibrillator security, e.g. to prevent or inhibit programming alterations by hackers or unauthorised individuals
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 7/40 Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code

Abstract

Waveforms are digitally sampled and compressed for storage in memory. The compression of the data includes generating a truncated entropy encoding map and using the values within the map to obtain good compression. An encoder further sub-selects values to be encoded and values to remain unencoded to provide an overall compression of the data.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a device memory;

means for sampling an analog signal in an implantable medical device (IMD) and generating digitized data points having values corresponding to the sampled analog signal;

means for generating encoded waveform data points corresponding to the digitized data points using a predictive encoding process;

means for replacing a said encoded waveform data point with a codeword using an entropy encoding process when a predetermined condition is met, and storing the codeword is stored in the device memory when the predetermined condition is met and for storing the encoded waveform data point in the device memory when the predetermined condition is not met;

means for transmitting the stored codewords and encoded waveform data points from the IMD to an external receiver; and

means for decoding the codewords and encoded waveform data points received by the external receiver by converting the codewords into encoded waveform data points and converting the encoded waveform data points into digitized data.

2. The system claim 1, wherein the means for generating encoded waveform data further include means for calculating a predicted value of a said digitized data point and for calculating a difference between the predicted value of the said digitized data point and the value of the said digitized data point and storing the difference as the encoded waveform data point and wherein the means for decoding adds the difference to the predicted value to decode the data.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the predicted value of the said digitized data point is the value of an immediately preceding digitized data point.

4. The system of claim 1, comprising means for storing an initial one of the digitized data points in the device memory as an unencoded value and the means for decoding decodes subsequent encoded waveform data points based upon the stored initial digitized data point.

5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a truncated entropy probability tree data set stored in the device memory and including the codewords for selected encoded waveform data point values.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the truncated entropy probability tree data set further includes an exit code codeword and wherein the means for replacing stores the exit code codeword and the encoded digital waveform value when the predetermined condition is met and the said encoded digital waveform value does not have a codeword stored within the entropy probability data set and wherein the means for decoding recognizes the exit code codeword and recognizes the encoded digital waveform value stored with the exit code codeword as being an encoded digital waveform value.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a first rule processing means operating within the IMD and a second rule processing means operating within the means for decoding, wherein the first and second rule processors are each configured to determine whether the predetermined condition has been met for a given encoded waveform data point by evaluating the encoded value of an immediately prior encoded waveform data point.