Applying services within MPLS networks

• US 7,948,986 B1
• Filed: 02/25/2009
• Issued: 05/24/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Inventors: Varadhan, Kannan, Kompella, Kireeti, Ghosh, Kaushik
• Primary Examiner(s): Shah; Chirag G
• Assistant Examiner(s): Rivas; Salvador E
• Application Number:
  US12/392,740
• Time in Patent Office: 818 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/392
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/50 using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]

Abstract

In general, techniques are described that facilitate application of service within MPLS networks. More specifically, a router comprises a forwarding plane, a service plane and a routing engine. The routing engine maintains data defining an association between a handle identifying a property common to a plurality of packets of a particular context and one or more MPLS labels associated with these packets. The routing engine automatically generates and installs a filter to identify these packets within both the forwarding and service planes. The forwarding plane applies the filter to incoming packets to determine whether each of the incoming packets includes a label matching any of the labels of the filter and forwards the incoming packets to the service plane upon a match. The service card selects one or more services identified by the filter and applies the selected one or more services to the incoming packet.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving, with a routing engine of a router of a network, input defining a filter that specifies (1) a user-defined handle that identifies a property common to a plurality of packets of a particular context, and (2) one or more services to be applied to the plurality of packets;

with the routing engine, automatically installing the filter within a service plane of the router;

maintaining, with the routing engine, data that defines an association between the handle and one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels assigned to forward the plurality of packets of the particular context along a label switched patch (LSP);

with the routing engine, automatically generating and installing within a forwarding plane of the router a forwarding-plane filter that specifies one or more of the MPLS labels for filtering the network traffic;

applying, with the forwarding plane, the automatically generated forwarding-plane filter to an incoming MPLS packet of the network traffic to inspect only a label stack of the incoming packet without inspecting a remaining portion of a header and a payload of the packet to determine whether the label stack of the MPLS packet contains any of the one or more MPLS labels;

when the MPLS packet contains any of the MPLS labels of the filter, forwarding the MPLS packet and additional context information from the forwarding plane to the service plane of the router;

with the services plane of the router, applying the filter to the packet to select one or more of the services based on the additional context information received from the forwarding plane; and

applying, with the service plane, the selected one or more of the services to the incoming MPLS packet received from the forwarding plane.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the additional context information comprises data identifying the filter installed within the service plane corresponding to the forwarding-plane filter of the forwarding plane that matched the MPLS packet.

3. The method of claim 1,

wherein the handle comprises one of a plurality of handles, and

wherein the one or more services comprises one or more of a plurality of services,

the method further comprising:

presenting, with the router, the plurality of handles and the plurality of services via at least one user interface to a user,

wherein receiving the input comprises receiving configuration information that defines the filter from the user indicating the one of the plurality of handles and the one or more of the plurality of services selected by the user via the at least one user interface.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the configuration information specifies a filter name by which to identify the filter, a conditional field that defines the one of the plurality of handles selected by the user, and an action field by which to specify the one or more of the plurality of services selected by the user.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

forwarding, with the service plane of the router, the incoming MPLS packet back to the forwarding plane based on the application of the selected one or more services to the incoming MPLS packet; and

forwarding, with the forwarding plane of the router, the incoming MPLS packet to a next hop based on the MPLS label of the incoming MPLS packet.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding, when the MPLS packet does not contain any of the MPLS labels of the filter, the incoming MPLS packet with the forwarding plane of the router to a next hop associated with the MPLS label of the incoming MPLS packet without forwarding the MPLS packet to the service plane.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein maintaining the association comprises:

receiving an advertisement that updates one or more label mappings between one of the one or more MPLS labels and a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC); and

dynamically updating, in response to the change to the one or more label mappings, the data defining the association between the handle and the one or more MPLS labels to disassociate one or more of the MPLS labels from the handle or add additional MPLS labels to the one or more MPLS labels associated with the handle.

8. The method of claim 7,

wherein automatically generating the forwarding-plane filter comprises automatically regenerating the forwarding-plane filter in response to the dynamic update of the data defining the association such that the regenerated filter includes the updated one or more MPLS labels, and

wherein installing the forwarding-plane filter comprises installing the regenerated forwarding-plane filter within the forwarding plane of the router.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the property includes one or more a Label Switched Path (LSP) name, a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) identifier (ID) associated with a downstream assigned label, a FEC ID associated with an upstream assigned label, a Virtual Private Large Area Network (LAN) Service (VPLS) site ID, a Layer Two (2) Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) site ID, a Layer three (3) VPN (L3VPN) routing instance name together with a VPN prefix, a context defined by a context label, a property learned from a provisioning system, or a Circuit Cross-Connect (CCC) ID.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the selected one or more services comprises applying one or more of a Network Address Translation (NAT) service, a firewall service, an anti-virus service, a service for counting the packets, a service for time stamping the packets, a service for sampling the packets, a service for performing accounting actions, a service for dropping the packets, a service for policing one or more flows associated with the packets, a service for performing a more detailed look-up on the packets, a service for taking distinct Class of Service (CoS) actions, a service for aggregating the one or more flows, a service for targeted ad-insertion, and a service for Bayesian analysis on these packets that are encrypted.

11. The method of claim 1,

wherein the one or more labels of the forwarding-plane filter comprise one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels,

wherein the label comprises a MPLS label,

wherein the router comprises a Label Switching Router (LSR),

wherein the incoming packet comprises a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) packet that includes an MPLS header having a label stack that stores the MPLS label, and

wherein applying the automatically generated forwarding-plane filter to the incoming MPLS packet comprises applying the automatically generated forwarding-plane filter to the MPLS packet to determine whether the MPLS label of the MPLS packet matches any of the one or more MPLS labels of the forwarding-plane filter, and

wherein applying the selected one or more services comprises applying the selected one or more services to a payload of the MPLS packet.

12. The method of claim 1,

wherein the router implements the forwarding plane in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and

wherein the router implements at least a portion of the service plane by executing software.

13. A router comprising:

a service plane;

a forwarding plane; and

a routing engine that receives input defining a filter that specifies (1) a user-defined handle that identifies a property common to a plurality of packets of a particular context, and (2) one or more services to be applied to the plurality of packets, automatically installs the filter within the service plane, maintains data that defines an association between the handle and one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels assigned to forward the plurality of packets of the particular context along a label switched patch (LSP), automatically generates a forwarding-plane filter, and installs within the forwarding plane the forwarding-plane filter that specifies one or more of the MPLS labels for filtering the network traffic,

wherein the forwarding plane includes a forwarding component that applies the automatically generated forwarding-plane filter to an incoming MPLS packet of the network traffic to inspect only a label stack of the incoming packet without inspecting a remaining portion of a header and a payload of the packet to determine whether the label stack of the MPLS packet contains any of the one or more MPLS labels and, when the MPLS packet contains any of the MPLS labels of the filter, forwards the MPLS packet and additional context information to the service plane, and

wherein the service plane includes at least one service card that applies the filter to the packet to select one or more of the services based on the additional context information received from the forwarding plane and applies the selected one or more of the services to the incoming MPLS packet received from the forwarding plane.

14. The router of claim 13, wherein the additional context information comprises data identifying the filter installed within the service plane corresponding to the forwarding-plane filter of the forwarding plane that matched the MPLS packet.

15. The router of claim 13,

wherein the handle comprises one of a plurality of handles, and

wherein the services comprises one or more of a plurality of services,

wherein the routing engine includes a user interface module that presents the plurality of handles and the plurality of services via at least one user interface to a user and receives configuration information that defines the filter from the user indicating the one of the plurality of handles and the one or more of the plurality of services selected by the user.

16. The router of claim 15, wherein the configuration information specifies a filter name by which to identify the filter, a conditional field that defines the one of the plurality of handles selected by the user, and an action field by which to specify the one or more of the plurality of services selected by the user.

17. The router of claim 13,

wherein the routing engine further comprises:

a routing daemon that maintains the data defining the association; and

a service daemon that automatically generates and installs the forwarding-plane filter the filter in the forwarding component.

18. The router of claim 13,

wherein the at least one service card forwards the incoming MPLS packet back to the forwarding component based on the application of the selected one or more services to the incoming MPLS packet, and

wherein the forwarding component forwards the incoming packet to a next hop based on the MPLS label of the incoming MPLS packet.

19. The router of claim 13, wherein the forwarding component forwards, when the MPLS packet does not contain any of the MPLS labels of the filter, the incoming MPLS packet to a next hop associated with the MPLS label of the incoming MPLS packet without forwarding the MPLS packet to the service plane.

20. The router of claim 13, wherein the routing engine includes a routing daemon that receives an advertisement changing one or more label mappings between one of the one or more MPLS labels and a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) and dynamically updates, in response to the change to the one or more label mappings, the association between the handle and the one or more MPLS labels to disassociate one or more of the MPLS labels from the handle or add additional MPLS labels to the one or more MPLS labels associated with the handle.

21. The router of claim 20, wherein the routing engine includes a service daemon that automatically regenerates the filter in response to the dynamic update of the data defining association such that the regenerated filter includes the updated one or more MPLS labels and installs the regenerated forwarding-plane filter within the forwarding plane of the router.

22. The router of claim 13, wherein the property includes one or more a Label Switched Path (LSP) name, a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) identifier (ID) associated with a downstream assigned label, a FEC ID associated with an upstream assigned label, a Virtual Private Large Area Network (LAN) Service (VPLS) site ID, a Layer Two (2) Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) site ID, a Layer three (3) VPN (L3VPN) routing instance name together with a VPN prefix, a context defined by a context label, a property learned from a provisioning system, or a Circuit Cross-Connect (CCC) ID.

23. The router of claim 13, wherein the at least one service card applies one or more of a Network Address Translation (NAT) service, a firewall service, an anti-virus service, a service for counting the packets, a service for time stamping the packets, a service for sampling the packets, a service for performing accounting actions, a service for dropping the packets, a service for policing one or more flows associated with the packets, a service for performing a more detailed look-up on the packets, a service for taking distinct Class of Service (CoS) actions, a service for aggregating the one or more flows, a service for targeted ad-insertion, and a service for Bayesian analysis on these packets that are encrypted.

24. The router of claim 13,

wherein the one or more labels of the forwarding-plane filter comprise one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels,

wherein the label comprises a MPLS label,

wherein the router comprises a Label Switching Router (LSR),

wherein the incoming packet comprises a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) packet that includes an MPLS header having a label stack that stores the MPLS label, and

wherein the forwarding component applies the automatically generated forwarding plane filter to the MPLS packet to determine whether the MPLS label matches any of the one or more MPLS labels of the forwarding-plane filter, and

wherein the at least one service card applies the selected on or more services to a payload of the MPLS packet.

25. The router of claim 13,

wherein the forwarding plane is implemented in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and

wherein the at least one service card executes software to apply the filter to the packet to select one or more of the services based on the additional context information received from the forwarding plane and apply the selected one or more of the services to the incoming MPLS packet received from the forwarding plane.

26. A network system comprising:

a customer network; and

a packet-based network coupled to the customer network that employs a label switching protocol to establish paths by which to forward data, wherein the packet-based network includes a router comprising;

a service plane;

a forwarding plane; and

a routing engine that receives input defining a filter that specifies (1) a user-defined handle that identifies a property common to a plurality of packets of a particular context, and (2) one or more services to be applied to the plurality of packets, automatically installs the filter within the service plane, maintains data that defines an association between the handle and one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels assigned to forward the plurality of packets of the particular context along a label switched patch (LSP), automatically generates a forwarding-plane filter, and installs within the forwarding plane the forwarding-plane filter that specifies one or more of the MPLS labels for filtering the network traffic,

wherein the forwarding plane includes a forwarding component that applies the automatically generated forwarding-plane filter to an incoming MPLS packet of the network traffic to inspect only a label stack of the incoming packet without inspecting a remaining portion of a header and a payload of the packet to determine whether the label stack of the MPLS packet contains any of the one or more MPLS labels and, when the MPLS packet contains any of the MPLS labels of the filter, forwards the MPLS packet and additional context information to the service plane, and

wherein the service plane includes at least one service card that applies the filter to the packet to select one or more of the services based on the additional context information received from the forwarding plane and applies the selected one or more of the services to the incoming MPLS packet received from the forwarding plane.

27. The network system of claim 26, wherein the additional context information comprises data identifying the filter installed within the service plane corresponding to the forwarding-plane filter of the forwarding plane that matched the MPLS packet.

28. The network system of claim 26,

wherein the handle comprises one of a plurality of handles, and

wherein the services comprises one or more of a plurality of services,

wherein the routing engine includes a user interface module that presents the plurality of handles and the plurality of services via at least one user interface to a user and receives configuration information that defines the filter from the user indicating the one of the plurality of handles and the one or more of the plurality of services selected by the user.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the configuration information specifies a filter name by which to identify the filter, a conditional field that defines the one of the plurality of handles selected by the user, and an action field by which to specify the one or more of the plurality of services selected by the user.

30. The network system of claim 26,

wherein the routing engine further comprises:

a routing daemon that maintains the data defining the association; and

a service daemon that automatically generates and installs the forwarding-plane filter the filter in the forwarding component.

31. The network system of claim 26,

wherein the at least one service card forwards the incoming MPLS packet back to the forwarding component based on the application of the selected one or more services to the incoming MPLS packet, and

wherein the forwarding component forwards the incoming packet to a next hop based on the MPLS label of the incoming MPLS packet.

32. The network system of claim 26, wherein the forwarding component forwards, when the MPLS packet does not contain any of the MPLS labels of the filter, the incoming MPLS packet to a next hop associated with the MPLS label of the incoming MPLS packet without forwarding the MPLS packet to the service plane.

33. The network system of claim 26, wherein the routing engine includes a routing daemon that receives an advertisement changing one or more label mappings between one of the one or more MPLS labels and a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) and dynamically updates, in response to the change to the one or more label mappings, the association between the handle and the one or more MPLS labels to disassociate one or more of the MPLS labels from the handle or add additional MPLS labels to the one or more MPLS labels associated with the handle.

34. The network system of claim 33, wherein the routing engine includes a service daemon that automatically regenerates the filter in response to the dynamic update of the data defining association such that the regenerated filter includes the updated one or more MPLS labels and installs the regenerated forwarding-plane filter within the forwarding plane of the router.

35. The network system of claim 26, wherein the property includes one or more a Label Switched Path (LSP) name, a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) identifier (ID) associated with a downstream assigned label, a FEC ID associated with an upstream assigned label, a Virtual Private Large Area Network (LAN) Service (VPLS) site ID, a Layer Two (2) Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) site ID, a Layer three (3) VPN (L3VPN) routing instance name together with a VPN prefix, a context defined by a context label, a property learned from a provisioning system, or a Circuit Cross-Connect (CCC) ID.

36. The network system of claim 26, wherein the at least one service card applies one or more of a Network Address Translation (NAT) service, a firewall service, an anti-virus service, a service for counting the packets, a service for time stamping the packets, a service for sampling the packets, a service for performing accounting actions, a service for dropping the packets, a service for policing one or more flows associated with the packets, a service for performing a more detailed look-up on the packets, a service for taking distinct Class of Service (CoS) actions, a service for aggregating the one or more flows, a service for targeted ad-insertion, and a service for Bayesian analysis on these packets that are encrypted.

37. The network system of claim 26,

wherein the one or more labels of the forwarding-plane filter comprise one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels,

wherein the label comprises a MPLS label,

wherein the router comprises a Label Switching Router (LSR),

wherein the incoming packet comprises a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) packet that includes an MPLS header having a label stack that stores the MPLS label, and

wherein the forwarding component applies the automatically generated forwarding plane filter to the MPLS packet to determine whether the MPLS label matches any of the one or more MPLS labels of the forwarding-plane filter, and

wherein the at least one service card applies the selected on or more services to a payload of the MPLS packet.

38. The network system of claim 26,

wherein the customer network comprises a first Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network that employs an MPLS signaling protocol to establish paths by which to forward data;

wherein the packet-based network comprises a second intermediate MPLS network that employs the MPLS signaling protocol to establish paths by which to forward the data;

wherein the one or more labels of the forwarding-plane filter comprise one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels,

wherein the label comprises a MPLS label,

wherein the router comprises a Label Switching Router (LSR),

wherein the incoming packet comprises a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) packet that includes an MPLS header having a label stack that stores the MPLS label, and

wherein the forwarding component applies the automatically generated forwarding plane filter to the MPLS packet to determine whether the MPLS label matches any of the one or more MPLS labels of the forwarding-plane filter, and

wherein the at least one service card applies the selected on or more services to a payload of the MPLS packet.

39. The network system of claim 26,

wherein the forwarding plane is implemented in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), and

wherein the at least one service card executes software to apply the filter to the packet to select one or more of the services based on the additional context information received from the forwarding plane and apply the selected one or more of the services to the incoming MPLS packet received from the forwarding plane.

40. The network system of claim 26,

wherein the packet-based network comprises an Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Virtual Private Network (VPN), and

wherein the router comprises a provider router (P-router).

41. The network system of claim 26, wherein the at least one service card further applies an MPLS security (MPLS-SEC) service to the incoming MPLS packet received from the forwarding plane.

42. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for causing a programmable processor to:

receive, with a routing engine of a router of a network, input defining a filter that specifies (1) a user-defined handle that identifies a property common to a plurality of packets of a particular context, and (2) one or more services to be applied to the plurality of packets;

with the routing engine, automatically install the filter within a service plane of the router;

maintain, with the routing engine, data that defines an association between the handle and one or more Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels assigned to forward the plurality of packets of the particular context along a label switched patch (LSP);

with the routing engine, automatically generate and install within a forwarding plane of the router a forwarding-plane filter that specifies one or more of the MPLS labels for filtering the network traffic;

apply, with the forwarding plane, the automatically generated forwarding-plane filter to an incoming MPLS packet of the network traffic to inspect only a label stack of the incoming packet without inspecting a remaining portion of a header and a payload of the packet to determine whether the label stack of the MPLS packet contains any of the one or more MPLS labels;

when the MPLS packet contains any of the MPLS labels of the filter, forward the MPLS packet and additional context information from the forwarding plane to the service plane of the router;

with the services plane of the router, apply the filter to the packet to select one or more of the services based on the additional context information received from the forwarding plane; and

apply, with the service plane, the selected one or more of the services to the incoming MPLS packet received from the forwarding plane.