Methods and apparatus for masking and securing communications transmissions

• US 7,949,032 B1
• Filed: 05/16/2006
• Issued: 05/24/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Edward G. Frost
• Original Assignee: Edward G. Frost
• Inventors: Frost, Edward G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fan; Chieh M
• Assistant Examiner(s): HUGHES, EBONI N
• Application Number:
  US11/434,510
• Time in Patent Office: 1,834 Days
• Field of Search: 375/140, 375/141, 375/145, 375/295, 375/137, 375/360, 375/367, 375147-150, 370/335, 370/503, 370/203, 370/342, 380 44- 47, 380/277, 380/30
• US Class Current: 375/140
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/80 Wireless
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0838 Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these network architectures or network communication protocols for key exchange in a packet data network H04L63/061
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/12 Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/041 Key generation or derivation

Abstract

A secure information transmission system includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers. The transmission waveform employed includes highly randomized, independent stochastic processes, and is secured as a separate entity from the information it carries. The signal, using novel modulation methodology reducing impulse responses, has a paucity of spectral information and may be detected, acquired and demodulated only by communicants generating the necessary receiving algorithm coefficients. The physical area of signal reception is restricted to that of each intended communicant, reception areas following movements of mobile communicants. A unique instant in time is used as basis for communications keys to the securing algorithms dynamically generated on a one-time basis and never exchanged or stored by communicants. Technology is applicable to both fixed and mobile communications and may be applied to communications systems using wireless, fiber-optic, copper, acoustic and any other man-made or naturally occurring transmission media.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

identifying a value of a common instant in time in first and second communication devices;

generating identical unique communications keys locally within each of the first and second communication devices based on the value of the common instant in time, wherein no communications keys are exchanged or transmitted between the first and second communication devices;

originating a same random stochastic sequence of variations within each of the first and second communication devices using the communications keys, wherein the communications keys define a time instant at which the sequence of variations originates, the sequence of variations being unique to the communications keys; and

encoding and decoding communication signals conveyed between the first and second communication devices using the sequence of variations to independently vary over time waveform parameters of the communication signals.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications keys are used for no more than a single communication session.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications keys are not stored or maintained.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein generation of the identical unique communications keys requires a range between the first and second communication devices to be within a range window.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the waveform parameters vary according to a respective plurality of independent pseudo-random variable stochastic processes with independent distributions.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the waveform parameters include at least one of:

RF carrier characteristics;

data symbol rate characteristics; and

chip rate characteristics.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a base time instant among a plurality of communication devices including at least the first and second communication devices, wherein the value of the common instant in time is specified relative to the base time instant, such that values of the common instant in time do not repeat over time.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the value of the common instant in time at the second communication device includes determining a timing of a specific transition within a symbol sequence received from the first communication device.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the communications keys in the first and second communication devices comprises using the value of the common instant in time as a value of the communications keys.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting a group of symbols comprising a symbol transition from the first communication device to the second communication device, wherein the second communication device records the time of arrival of the symbol transition, and loops the group of symbols back to a transmitter in the second communications device;

transmitting the group of symbols from the second communication device back to the first communication device, wherein the first communication device records the time of arrival of the symbol transition;

calculating a link delay at the first communication device based on a round trip transmission time and known first and second communication device processing delays; and

generating the communications keys at the first communication device by adding the link delay to the common instant in time.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a group of symbols comprising a symbol transition from the first communication device to the second communication device, wherein the second communication device compares the time of arrival of the symbol transition to a known timing point to determine the common instant in time.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

establishing a synchronization window at the second communication device comprising positive and negative drift limits of an oscillator about the known timing point; and

synchronizing communication between the second communication device and the first communication device in response to the symbol transition occurring within the synchronization window by generating the identical unique communications key corresponding to a time relative to the symbol transition.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining a lowest master clock rate between the first and second communication devices, wherein the lowest master clock rate determines a smallest time interval for ordinal timing points;

determining master clock drift limits;

setting the master clock drift limits for the first and second communication devices, wherein the master drift limits determine a minimum size for a synchronization window about a cardinal timing point;

synchronizing the first and second communication device to an agreed time before generating the common time instant;

setting the ordinal timing points relative to the common time instant;

setting cardinal timing points comprising a plurality of ordinal timing points; and

setting a communications range window for the first and second communication devices based on the ordinal timing points, wherein communications are disabled when a communication device is outside its respective communications range window.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising synchronizing a symbol transition within the symbol sequence to a cardinal timing point within the synchronization window.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising setting super cardinal timing points.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising setting a communications range window based on the identical unique communications keys corresponding to the ordinal timing points.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first communication device is a base station and setting the communications range window is based on a range from the base station.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein generating comprises generating identical unique communications keys in combination with other data including movement information, lack of movement, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and/or bio-medical information in order to activate, de-activate and/or control communication capabilities of the plurality of communications devices.

19. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

generating the communications keys in a third communication device based on the value of the common instant in time identified by the third communication device;

using the communications keys in the third communication device to originate the unique sequence of variations; and

encoding and decoding communication signals conveyed among the first, second, and third communication devices using the unique sequence of variations.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein generating comprises generating unique communications keys that are valid only for operational areas that are a certain distance from an emitter.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising narrowing the size of the operational area through the use of a directional antenna by the emitter.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is operable without support from a global positioning system (GPS) or other external timing reference source.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein the second communication device is incapable of generating the communications keys unless a range between the first and second communication devices is within a range window.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein a size of the range window is a function of a timing resolution employed to determine the communications keys.

20. A communication device comprising:

a controller configured to;

establish a common instant in time in conjunction with a second communication device;

locally generate a communications key for coding and decoding signals based on the value of the common instant in time, the communications key being identical to a communication key generated by the second communication device, wherein no communications keys are exchanged or transmitted between the communication device and the second communication device; and

originate a random stochastic sequence of variations using the communications key, wherein the communications key defines a time instant at which the sequence of variations originates, the sequence of variations being unique to the communications key;

a transmitter configured to encode and transmit signals using the sequence of variations to independently vary over time waveform parameters of the signals; and

a receiver configured to receive and decode signals using the sequence of variations to independently vary over time waveform parameters of the signals.

21. The device of claim 20, wherein the communications key is used for no more than a single communication session.

22. The device of claim 20, wherein the waveform parameters vary according to a respective plurality of independent pseudo-random variable stochastic processes with independent distributions.

23. The device of claim 20, wherein the communications key is valid only for operational areas that are within a certain range window from the device.

24. A non-transitory controller-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a controller, cause the controller to:

identify a value of a common time instant in time in first and second communication devices;

generate identical unique communications keys locally within each of the first and second communication devices based on the value of the common time instant, wherein no communications keys are exchanged or transmitted between the first and second communication devices;

originate a same random stochastic sequence of variations within each of the first and second communication devices using the communications keys, wherein the communications keys define a time instant at which the sequence of variations originates, the sequence of variations being unique to the communications keys; and

encode and decode communication signals conveyed between the first and second communication devices using the sequence of variations to independently vary over time waveform parameters of the communication signals.