System and method for annotating and compressing waveform data

• US 7,953,492 B2
• Filed: 03/26/2007
• Issued: 05/31/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 03/26/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Corndorf, Eric D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel; Niketa I
• Assistant Examiner(s): EL-KAISSI, HIBA CARINE
• Application Number:
  US11/691,137
• Publication Number:
  US 20080243208A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,527 Days
• Field of Search: 607/30, 607/31, 607/60
• US Class Current: 607/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/025 Digital circuitry features of electrotherapy devices, e.g. memory, clocks, processors
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3702 Physiological parameters A61N1/365 takes precedence; evoked response A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3706 Pacemaker parameters stimulation threshold A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37252 Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37254 Pacemaker or defibrillator security, e.g. to prevent or inhibit programming alterations by hackers or unauthorised individuals
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 7/40 Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code

Abstract

Waveforms are digitally sampled and compressed for storage in memory. The compression of the data includes generating a truncated entropy encoding map and using the values within the map to obtain good compression. An encoder further sub-selects values to be encoded and values to remain unencoded to provide an overall compression of the data.

Claims

1. A method of storing data for an implantable medical device (IMD), the method comprising:

digitizing values of a physiologic waveform to obtain data points, wherein the sampled data points make up a sampled data set;

providing a truncated entropy encoding codeword set in the device for probable data values and including a prefix codeword indicating that a predetermined amount of data following the prefix codeword is unencoded;

assigning a data point value to an exit code, wherein the exit code indicates that a predetermined amount of data following the exit code is annotation data;

employing the device to parse the sampled data set of the waveform to select ones of the data points and replace the selected ones of the data points with codewords;

employing the device to analyze the waveform to identify an occurrence of one or more predetermined events;

storing the codewords and those ones of the data points which were not replaced with codewords in the device;

employing the device to annotate the stored data if one or more of the predetermined events occurs, wherein the annotation includes storing the prefix codeword, followed by the exit code, followed by the annotation data at a point in time of the occurrence if a codeword is expected and storing the exit code followed by the annotation data at the point of time of the occurrence if a codeword is not expected; and

employing a transceiver to telemeter the stored data out of the implanted medical device.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

encoding a given data point with an entropy codeword if the data point immediately preceding the given data point should have been entropy encoded according to a predefined entropy encoding rule.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the predefined entropy encoding rule includes determining whether the immediately preceding data point value falls within an optimum band defined by the entropy encoding codeword set.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising processing the sampled value using a predictive encoder prior to entropy encoding.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the waveform is a cardiac waveform and the predetermined events include cardiac events.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein providing the truncated entropy encoding codeword set includes storing the set into a memory accessible by an encoder operably coupled with of the IMD and into a decoder external to the IMD.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising updating the truncated entropy encoding codeword set on a periodic basis according to the digitized values.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising processing the sampled values using a predictive encoder prior to entropy encoding and updating a predictive algorithm utilized by the predicative encoder on a periodic basis and according to the digitized values.

9. An implantable medical device (IMD) comprising:

means for digitizing values of a physiologic waveform to obtain data points wherein the data points make up a sampled data set;

means for truncated entropy encoding comprising a codeword set for probable values of the data points and for including a prefix codeword indicating that a predetermined amount of data following the prefix codeword is unencoded, and for including an exit code assigned to a data point value, wherein the exit code indicates that a predetermined amount of data following the exit code is annotation data;

means for parsing a sampled data set of the waveform and selecting ones of the data points and for replacing the selected ones of the data points with codewords and for storing the codewords and un-selected ones of the data points as stored data;

means for analyzing the waveform to identify an occurrence of one or more predetermined events;

means for annotating the stored data if one or more of the predetermined events occurs, wherein the annotation includes storing in the storing means the prefix codeword, followed by the exit code, followed by the annotation data at a point in time of the occurrence if a codeword is expected and storing the exit code followed by the annotation data at the point of time of the occurrence if a codeword is not expected; and

transceiver means for telemetering the stored data out of the implanted medical device.

10. The IMD of claim 9, wherein the encoding means comprises a predefined entropy encoding rule and comprises means for encoding a given data point with a said codeword if the data point immediately preceding the given data point should have been entropy encoded according to the predefined entropy encoding rule.

11. The IMD of claim 10, wherein the encoding means includes means for determining whether the immediately preceding data point value falls within an optimum band defined by the codeword set.

12. The IMD of claim 10, further comprising means for processing the digitized values using a predictive encoder prior to entropy encoding.

13. The IMD of claim 9, wherein the waveform is a cardiac waveform and the predetermined events include cardiac events.

14. The IMD of claim 9, further comprising means for updating the truncated entropy encoding codeword set on a periodic basis according to the digitized values.

15. The IMD of claim 14, further comprising means for processing the sampled values using a predictive encoder prior to entropy encoding and for updating the predicative encoder on a periodic basis according to the digitized values.

16. The IMD of claim 15, wherein the means for processing updates the predictive encoder to produce encoded data points having a lower average error rate.