Adaptive power control based on post package characterization of integrated circuits

• US 7,953,990 B2
• Filed: 12/31/2002
• Issued: 05/31/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Meta Platforms, Inc. (f/k/a Facebook, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Intellectual Ventures Funding LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Kordus, Louis C., Stewart, Thomas E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee; Thomas
• Assistant Examiner(s): Rahman; Fahmida
• Application Number:
  US10/334,919
• Publication Number:
  US 20040128567A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,073 Days
• Field of Search: 713/300, 713/310, 713320-324, 713/330, 713/340
• US Class Current: 713/300
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/3203 Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/324 by lowering clock frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/3296 by lowering the supply or operating voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

A method and system of adaptive power control based on post package characterization of integrated circuits. Characteristics of a specific integrated circuit are used to adaptively control power of the integrated circuit.

Claims

1. A method of operating a specific individual instance of a microprocessor, the method comprising:

determining, independent of operating voltage, a desirable operating frequency for the specific individual instance of a microprocessor;

accessing information specific to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor, wherein the information is used to determine an optimal voltage for operating the specific individual instance of a microprocessor at the desirable operating frequency, wherein the optimal voltage is based upon characteristics of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor; and

wherein the information comprises a plurality of pairs of voltage-frequency operating points for setting said specific individual instance of a microprocessor to a plurality of operating points each having a determined voltage for a desired frequency and is encoded external to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor; and

operating the specific individual instance of a microprocessor at one of the plurality of pairs of voltage-frequency operating points corresponding to the desirable operating frequency.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information is encoded within integrated circuit packaging of, but separate from, the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising operating the specific individual instance of a microprocessor at the desirable operating frequency while operating at the optimal voltage.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristics comprise a temperature measurement of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the temperature measurement is made proximate to said accessing.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the information comprises a mapping into one of at least two sets of voltage-frequency operating points.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the information comprises a single set of voltage-frequency operating points.

8. A method comprising:

during manufacturing, determining a voltage required by a specific individual instance of a microprocessor to meet a power limit at a specified frequency;

storing information corresponding to the voltage into computer-readable media, wherein the computer-readable media is external to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor;

wherein the information is stored within common packaging of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor; and

wherein the computer-readable media is configured to supply the information to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor after said manufacturing.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said determining is performed after packaging the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said storing is also performed after said packaging.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the voltage is determined at the specified frequency.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein said determining is performed at more than one temperature.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the information comprises a mapping into one of at least two frequency-voltage characteristic relationships.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the information comprises frequency-voltage relations specific to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

15. A method comprising:

determining, during manufacturing, an optimal voltage required by a specific individual instance of a microprocessor to operate at each of a plurality of specified frequencies to produce a plurality of voltage-frequency relations;

storing information corresponding to the plurality of voltage-frequency relations into computer-readable media, wherein the computer-readable media is within common packaging of, and external to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor; and

retaining the information in the computer-readable media after said manufacturing.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said determining is performed after packaging the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein said storing is also performed after said packaging.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein said determining is performed at more than one temperature.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the information comprises a mapping into one of a plurality of frequency-voltage characteristic relationships.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the information comprises voltage-frequency relations specific to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

21. An integrated circuit module, comprising:

a specific individual instance of a microprocessor; and

at least one bit of non-volatile storage coupled to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor;

wherein the non-volatile storage includes information corresponding to frequency-voltage characteristics of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor,

wherein the information comprises a mapping into one of a plurality of frequency-voltage characteristic groups.

22. The integrated circuit module of claim 21, wherein the information comprises one set of frequency-voltage characteristics.

23. The integrated circuit module of claim 21, wherein the specific individual instance of a microprocessor provides values indicative of operating conditions for the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

24. The integrated circuit module of claim 23, wherein the values comprise a temperature of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

25. The integrated circuit module of claim 23, wherein the values comprise a desired operating frequency of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

26. The integrated circuit module of claim 21, wherein the at least one bit of non-volatile storage is non-resettable.

27. The integrated circuit module of claim 21, wherein the information is stored in a memory integrated circuit.

28. A data structure in computer-readable memory, comprising:

a set of frequency-voltage characteristics, wherein the set specifies and is used to set a minimum operating voltage required for a specific individual instance of a microprocessor to operate at a desired frequency, and wherein each frequency-voltage characteristic of the set is specific to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor;

wherein the computer-readable memory is within common packaging and is external to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

29. The data structure of claim 28, further comprising temperature-dependent operating voltage information.

30. A computing device, comprising:

a specific individual instance of a microprocessor;

a voltage supply coupled to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor and configured to furnish a selectable voltage thereto;

a memory space coupled to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor, wherein the memory space includes instructions that, if executed by the computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising;

determining a desirable operating frequency for the specific individual instance of a microprocessor;

accessing information specific to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor, wherein the information is used to determine a desirable voltage for operating the specific individual instance of a microprocessor at the desirable operating frequency, wherein the information comprises at least two voltages corresponding to two different frequencies, and wherein the information is based upon characteristics of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor,

wherein the information is stored in common packaging of and external to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor; and

causing the voltage supply to furnish the desirable voltage to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

31. The computing device of claim 30, further comprising a memory including a set of frequency-voltage characteristics, wherein the set specifies a minimum operating voltage required for the specific individual instance of a microprocessor to operate at a desired frequency, and wherein each frequency-voltage characteristic of the set is specific to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

32. The computing device of claim 30, wherein the information comprises a mapping into one of a plurality of sets of frequency-voltage operating points.

33. The computing device of claim 30, wherein the memory space is external to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

34. The computing device of claim 30, wherein the memory space further comprises temperature-dependent operating voltage information.

35. The computing device of claim 34, further comprising means to measure a temperature of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

36. The computing device of claim 35, wherein said operations further comprise:

accessing the temperature of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor; and

accessing the temperature-dependent operating voltage information to determine an optimal voltage for operating the specific individual instance of a microprocessor at the desirable operating frequency and the temperature of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

37. An electronic device, comprising:

a specific individual instance of a microprocessor configured to operate at a plurality of voltages and at a plurality of frequencies;

a memory in common packaging and external to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor and configured to store, from measurement to use, a voltage-frequency relationship custom measured for the specific individual instance of a microprocessor, wherein the voltage-frequency relationship includes voltage-frequency pairs, and wherein each pair indicates an optimum voltage for its associated frequency; and

logic configured to access a desired frequency of operation, use the memory to determine a corresponding voltage, and cause the specific individual instance of a microprocessor to operate at the desired frequency of operation and at the corresponding voltage,

wherein the electronic device is configured to supply the relationship from the memory to the specific individual instance of a microprocessor after said measurement.

38. The device of claim 37, wherein the logic is coupled to both the memory and the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

39. The device of claim 37, wherein the memory is a device separate from the specific individual instance of a microprocessor.

40. The device of claim 37, wherein the memory is a non-volatile memory.

41. The device of claim 40, wherein the non-volatile memory is non-resettable.

42. The device of claim 37, wherein the voltage-frequency relationship is measured after packaging of the specific individual instance of a microprocessor has occurred.