Cognitive positioning system

• US 7,956,807 B1
• Filed: 01/23/2008
• Issued: 06/07/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 01/23/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of South Florida (State University System of Florida)
• Original Assignee: University of South Florida (State University System of Florida)
• Inventors: Celebi, Hasari, Arslan, Huseyin
• Primary Examiner(s): PHAN, DAO LINDA
• Application Number:
  US12/018,509
• Time in Patent Office: 1,231 Days
• Field of Search: 342/450, 342/452, 342/453, 342/357.02, 342/357.25, 455/448, 455/456.1, 455/456.2
• US Class Current: 342/450
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 11/08 using synchronised clocks
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0244 Accuracy or reliability of position solution or of measurements contributing thereto
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/14 Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location

Abstract

This invention provides arbitrary positioning accuracy for cognitive radio communications in both indoor and outdoor environments adaptively. It enables the user or wireless device itself to adjust positioning accuracy adaptively. Hence, this invention can be used for developing numerous personal, commercial, governmental and military cognitive location-based services and applications. Furthermore, the invented H-DSM technique can be used by cognitive wireless networks and devices to improve spectrum efficiency.

Claims

1. A method of estimating one-dimensional location information between two synchronized cognitive radio devices, the method comprising:

determining a required effective bandwidth to achieve a predetermined position accuracy, according to the equation;

2. A method of estimating multi-dimensional location information between cognitive radio devices, the method comprising:

determining an effective bandwidth to achieve a predetermined position accuracy, according to the equation;

3. A method of overlay enhanced dynamic spectrum (O-EDSM) in a cognitive positioning system, the method comprising:

determining if an exact effective bandwidth (β

) is available for an overlay mode;

determining a relative bandwidth (B) using available bandwidth (x_n), responsive to the exact effective bandwidth being available for the overlay mode;

performing the following operations, responsive to the exact effective bandwidth not being available for the overlay mode;

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode;

determining an effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) for the overlay mode;

determining the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n) for the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n); and

determining the relative bandwidth (B) using the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n) and

transmitting a signal in the cognitive positioning system at the relative bandwidth.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_k=|{tilde over (β

)}_k−

β

| where {tilde over (β

)}_k is the k-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) is determined according to the equation

7. A method of hybrid overlay and underlay enhanced dynamic spectrum (H-EDSM) in a cognitive positioning system, the method comprising:

determining a distance between two cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)});

determining a threshold distance (d_th);

performing the following operations, responsive to the distance between the two cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) not being greater than the threshold distance (d_th) and responsive to the exact effective bandwidth (β

) not being available in the overlay mode;

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode;

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_m) for the underlay mode;

determining the minimum bandwidth error (ρ

_min);

determining an effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) for the mode that provides the minimum bandwidth error (ρ

_min);

determining the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n) for the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n); and

determining the relative bandwidth (B) using the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n); and

transmitting a signal in the cognitive positioning system at the relative bandwidth.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the distance between the two cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) is determined according to the equation

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the threshold distance (d_th) is determined according to the equation

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the threshold distance (d_th) is the coverage radius that one of the cognitive radios can establish a link with the other cognitive radio at an acceptable QoS level.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_k={tilde over (β

)}_k−

β

⊕

where {tilde over (β

)}_k is the k-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_m) for the underlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_m=|{tilde over (β

)}_m−

β

|α

where {tilde over (β

)}_m is the m-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

13. The method of claim 7, wherein the minimum bandwidth error (ρ

_min) is determined according to the equation ρ

_min=(min(ρ

_min), min(ρ

_k)).

14. The method of claim 7, wherein the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) is determined according to the equation

15. The method of claim 7, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation

16. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

performing the following operation, responsive to the distance between the two cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) being greater than the threshold distance (d_th);

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode;

determining an effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) for the overlay mode;

determining the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n) for the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n); and

determining the relative bandwidth (B) using the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n).

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_k=|{tilde over (β

)}_k−

β

| where {tilde over (β

)}_k is the k-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) is determined according to the equation

20. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

determining a relative bandwidth (B) using available bandwidth (x_n), responsive to the distance between the two cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) not being greater than the threshold distance (d_th) and responsive to the exact effective bandwidth (β

) being available in the overlay mode.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation

22. A cognitive radio device comprising:

a processor; and

a memory storage including instructions that cause the transmitting radio device to perform;

determining if an exact effective bandwidth (β

) is available for an overlay mode;

determining a relative bandwidth (B) using available bandwidth (x_n), responsive to the exact effective bandwidth being available for the overlay mode;

performing the following operations, responsive to the exact effective bandwidth not being available for the overlay mode;

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode;

determining an effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) for the overlay mode;

determining the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n) for the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n); and

determining the relative bandwidth (B) using the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n); and

transmitting a signal from the radio device at the relative bandwidth.

23. The cognitive radio device of claim 22, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation

24. The cognitive radio device of claim 22, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_k=|{tilde over (β

)}_k−

β

| where {tilde over (β

)}_k is the k-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

25. The cognitive radio device of claim 22, wherein the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) is determined according to the equation

26. A first cognitive radio device comprising:

a processor; and

a memory storage including instructions that cause the transmitting radio device to perform;

determining a distance between the first cognitive radio device and a second cognitive radio device ({tilde over (d)});

determining a threshold distance (d_th);

performing the following operations, responsive to the distance between the first and second cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) not being greater than the threshold distance (d_th) and responsive to the exact effective bandwidth (β

) not being available in the overlay mode;

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode;

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_m) for the underlay mode;

determining the minimum bandwidth error (ρ

_min);

determining an effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) for the mode that provides the minimum bandwidth error (ρ

_min);

determining the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n) for the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) and

determining the relative bandwidth (B) using the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n); and

transmitting signals between the first and second cognitive radio devices at the relative bandwidth.

27. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the distance between the first and second cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) is determined according to the equation

28. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the threshold distance (d_th) is determined according to the equation

29. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the threshold distance (d_th) is the coverage radius that the first cognitive radio device can establish a link with the second cognitive radio device at an acceptable QoS level.

30. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_k=|{tilde over (β

)}_k−

β

| where {tilde over (β

)}_k is the k-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

31. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_m) for the underlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_m=|{tilde over (β

)}_m−

β

| where {tilde over (β

)}_m is the m-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

32. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the minimum bandwidth error (ρ

_min) is determined according to the equation ρ

_min=(min(ρ

_m), min(ρ

_k)).

33. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) is determined according to the equation

34. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation

35. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the memory storage further includes instructions that cause the first cognitive radio device to perform the following operations, responsive to the distance between the first and second cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) being greater than the threshold distance (d_th):

determining a bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode;

determining an effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) for the overlay mode;

determining the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n) for the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n); and

determining the relative bandwidth (B) using the corresponding available relative bandwidths ({tilde over (x)}_n).

36. The first cognitive radio device of claim 35, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation

37. The first cognitive radio device of claim 35, wherein the bandwidth error vector (ρ

_k) for the overlay mode is determined according to the equation ρ

_k=|{tilde over (β

)}_k−

β

| where {tilde over (β

)}_k is the k-element vector of available effective bandwidth ordered from low to high center frequency for a given time.

38. The first cognitive radio device of claim 35, wherein the effective bandwidth vector ({tilde over (β

)}_n) is determined according to the equation

39. The first cognitive radio device of claim 26, wherein the memory storage further includes instructions that cause the first cognitive radio device to perform:

determining a relative bandwidth (B) using available bandwidth (x_n), responsive to the distance between the first and second cognitive radio devices ({tilde over (d)}) not being greater than the threshold distance (d_th) and responsive to the exact effective bandwidth (β

) being available in the overlay mode.

40. The first cognitive radio device of claim 39, wherein the relative bandwidth (B) is determined according to the equation