GPS-based in-vehicle sensor calibration algorithm

• US 7,957,897 B2
• Filed: 06/29/2007
• Issued: 06/07/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Basnayake, Chaminda
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran; Khoi
• Assistant Examiner(s): Broadhead; Brian J
• Application Number:
  US11/770,898
• Publication Number:
  US 20090005985A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,439 Days
• Field of Search: 701/214, 701/216, 701/217
• US Class Current: 701/214
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 25/00 Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass testing, calibrating or compensating compasses G01C17/38

Abstract

A system and method for calibrating the bias and scale factors of a heading rate sensor, such as a yaw-rate sensor, using GPS signals. The system receives wheel speed or rotation signals, a vehicle odometer reading, GPS signals and yaw-rate signals. The system includes a wheel-slip detection processor that determines whether there is wheel-slip based on the wheel speed signals and the GPS signals. The system also includes a wheel-based acceleration processor that estimates vehicle acceleration. The system also includes a differential odometry processor that determines vehicle heading based on wheel speed. The system also includes a GPS reference data validation processor that determines whether the GPS signals are valid using the estimated vehicle acceleration and wheel speeds. The valid GPS signals are then used to calibrate the yaw-rate sensor signals, which can be used for vehicle heading purposes.

Claims

1. A system for determining the heading of a vehicle, said system comprising:

a GPS receiver providing GPS signals indicating the position of the vehicle;

a yaw-rate sensor for providing yaw-rate signals indicating the yaw-rate of the vehicle;

an acceleration estimation processor for determining the acceleration of the vehicle and providing acceleration signals;

a GPS validation processor receiving the GPS signals, wheel speed or rotation signals and the acceleration signals, and determining whether the GPS signals are valid; and

a bias and scale calibration processor responsive to the yaw-rate sensor signals and the GPS signals, said calibration processor providing bias and scale calibration factors for the yaw-rate sensor signals using the GPS signals if the validation processor determines that the GPS signals are valid.

2. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a wheel speed sensor for providing the wheel speed or rotation signals of the speed or rotation of wheels on the vehicle and a wheel-slip detection processor responsive to the wheel speed signals, said wheel-slip detection processor determining whether wheel-slip is present.

3. The system according to claim 2 wherein the wheel-slip detection processor uses the following equation to determine wheel-slip:

4. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a heading estimation processor responsive to the bias and scale calibration factors from the calibration processor and the yaw-rate signals, said heading estimation processor using the calibration factors and the yaw-rate signals to provide vehicle heading.

5. The system according to claim 4 wherein the heading estimation processor uses the following equation to provide the vehicle heading:

φ

_i=φ

<sub>i−

1</sub>+S(∂

φ

_i−

Γ

)dT

where φ

is the yaw-rate sensor-based heading, ∂

φ

is the yaw-rate, S is the scale factor, Γ

is the bias factor and dT is a yaw rate sensor data interval.

6. The system according to claim 1 wherein the GPS validation processor uses a ratio between velocity provided by the GPS signal s and wheel speed or rotation signals to determine whether the GPS signals are valid.

7. The system according to claim 1 wherein the acceleration estimation processor uses time differentiation of wheel velocity to estimate the vehicle acceleration.

8. The system according to claim 1 wherein the bias and scale calibration processor uses the following equation to determine the bias and scale calibration factors:

9. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a resampling and time synchronization processor that synchronizes the time frame between the GPS signals and wheel speed signals.

10. The system according to claim 1 further comprising a differential odometry processor for determining vehicle heading based on wheel rotation counts.

11. A system for calibrating bias and scale of a sensor in a vehicle, said system comprising:

a heading rate sensor providing sensor signals;

a GPS receiver providing GPS signals indicating the position of the vehicle;

a GPS validation processor receiving the GPS signals and determining whether the GPS signals are valid; and

a bias and scale calibration processor responsive to the sensor signals from the heading rate sensor and the GPS signals, said calibration processor providing bias and scale calibration factors for the sensor signals from the heading rate sensor using the GPS signals if the validation processor determines that the GPS signals are valid.

12. The system according to claim 11 further comprising a heading estimation processor responsive to the bias and scale calibration factors from the calibration processor and the sensor signals from the heading rate sensor, said heading estimation processor using the calibration factors and the sensor signals from the heading rate sensor to provide vehicle heading.

13. A system for determining the heading of a vehicle, said system comprising:

a GPS receiver providing GPS signals indicating the position of the vehicle;

a yaw-rate sensor for providing yaw-rate signals indicating the yaw-rate of the vehicle;

a plurality of wheel speed/wheel rotation sensors for providing signals of the wheel speed or wheel rotation of wheels on the vehicle;

a wheel-slip detection processor responsive to the wheel speed or wheel rotation signals and determining whether any of the wheels have wheel-slip;

an acceleration estimation processor for determining the acceleration of the vehicle based on the wheel speed or wheel rotation signals;

a GPS validation processor receiving the GPS signals and the acceleration signals, and determining whether the GPS signals are valid;

a bias and scale calibration processor responsive to the yaw-rate sensor signals and the GPS signals, said calibration processor providing bias and scale calibration factors for the yaw-rate sensor signals using the GPS signals if the validation processor determines that the GPS signals are valid; and

a heading estimation processor responsive to the bias and scale calibration factors from the calibration processor and the yaw-rate signals, said heading estimation processor using the calibration factors and the yaw-rate signals to provide vehicle heading.

14. The system according to claim 13 wherein the wheel-slip detection processor uses the following equation to determine wheel-slip:

15. The system according to claim 13 wherein the heading estimation processor uses the following equation to provide the vehicle heading:

φ

_i=φ

<sub>i−

1</sub>+S(∂

φ

_i−

Γ

)dT

where φ

is the yaw-rate sensor-based heading, ∂

φ

is the yaw-rate, S is the scale factor, Γ

is the bias factor and dT is a yaw rate sensor data interval.

16. The system according to claim 13 wherein the GPS validation processor uses a ratio between velocity provided by the GPS signal and the wheel speed or rotation signals to determine whether the GPS signals are valid.

17. The system according to claim 13 wherein the acceleration estimation processor uses time differentiation of wheel velocity to estimate the vehicle acceleration.

18. The system according to claim 13 wherein the bias and scale calibration processor uses the following equation to determine the bias and scale calibration factors:

19. The system according to claim 13 further comprising a resampling and time synchronization processor that synchronizes the time frame between the GPS signals and wheel speed signals.

20. The system according to claim 13 further comprising a differential odometry processor for determining vehicle heading based on wheel rotation counts.