System and method for vehicle based uninterruptable power supply

• US 7,960,857 B2
• Filed: 12/02/2008
• Issued: 06/14/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: King, Robert Dean
• Primary Examiner(s): FIN, MICHAEL RUTLAND
• Application Number:
  US12/326,189
• Publication Number:
  US 20100133900A1
• Time in Patent Office: 924 Days
• Field of Search: 307/9.1, 307/10.1
• US Class Current: 307/10.1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/006 to power outlets
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/486 Operating parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/16 Ratio selector position
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

A system and method for controlling a vehicle-based source of uninterruptable power is disclosed. The vehicle-based UPS includes an energy storage system located on-board a vehicle and configured to generate DC power transferable to an external load, and an DC-AC inverter connected to the on-board energy storage system to receive the DC power therefrom and invert the DC power to an AC power useable by the external load. The vehicle-based UPS also includes a charging device located on-board the vehicle and connected to the on-board energy storage system to provide recharging power thereto and a control system. The control system is configured to determine one of a state-of-charge (SOC) and a voltage of the energy storage system and selectively operate the charging device to provide the recharging power to the energy storage system to maintain the SOC or voltage of the energy storage system within a pre-determined range.

Claims

1. A vehicle-based uninterruptable power supply (UPS) system comprising:

an energy storage system located on-board a vehicle, the energy storage system configured to provide electric power for at least one of driving an electric motor of the vehicle and powering auxiliary devices of the vehicle and to also generate DC power transferable to an external load;

an DC-AC inverter connected to the on-board energy storage system to receive the DC power therefrom and invert the DC power to an AC power useable by the external load;

a charging device located on-board the vehicle and connected to the on-board energy storage system to provide a recharging power thereto; and

a control system configured to;

cause the energy storage system to provide power transferable to the external load by way of the DC-AC inverter;

determine one of a state-of-charge (SOC) and a voltage of the energy storage system while the energy storage system is providing power to the external load; and

selectively operate the charging device to provide the recharging power to the energy storage system to maintain the one of the SOC and the voltage of the energy storage system within a pre-determined range while still providing power to the external load, such that the energy storage system provides uninterruptable power to the external load.

2. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 1 wherein the energy storage system comprises:

a starting-lighting-ignition (SLI) battery; and

a high voltage traction battery coupled to the SLI battery.

3. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 2 wherein the charging device comprises a DC-DC converter connected between the SLI battery and the high voltage traction battery and configured to selectively provide the recharging power from the high voltage traction battery to the SLI battery.

4. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 1 wherein the energy storage system comprises:

a high energy density battery;

a boost converter coupled to the high energy density battery to selectively boost the voltage from the high energy density battery to drive an AC motor of the vehicle; and

a starting-lighting-ignition (SLI) battery coupled to the high energy density battery.

5. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 4 wherein the charging device comprises a bi-directional DC-DC converter connected between the SLI battery and the high energy density battery and configured to selectively provide the recharging power from the SLI battery to the high energy density battery.

6. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 1 wherein the energy storage system comprises a hybrid battery assembly comprising:

a high specific-energy battery; and

a high specific-power battery connected to the high specific-energy battery.

7. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 6 wherein the charging device comprises a bi-directional boost converter coupled between the high specific-energy battery and the high specific-power battery, the bi-directional boost converter configured to selectively boost the voltage from the high specific energy battery to drive an AC motor of the vehicle and selectively provide the recharging power from the high specific-power battery to the high specific energy battery.

8. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 6 wherein the energy storage system further comprises at least one ultracapacitor connected to the high specific energy battery.

9. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 1 wherein the charging device comprises an auxiliary power unit (APU).

10. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 9 wherein the APU comprises one of a combustion engine and a fuel cell assembly connected to the energy storage system to provide the recharging power thereto.

11. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 9 wherein the APU comprises a plug-in device configured to connect the energy storage system to a utility grid to provide the recharging power thereto.

12. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 1 wherein the control system further comprises a sensor system configured to sense at least one vehicle-related parameter;

and

wherein the control system is further configured to disable operation of the charging device if the at least one sensed vehicle-related parameter is in an undesired state.

13. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 12 wherein the at least one vehicle-related parameter comprises one of a carbon monoxide level, a fuel level, a parking brake engagement status, and a ground fault current interrupt (GFCI) connection status.

14. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 1 wherein the control system is further configured to deactivate an inverter-traction motor combination to prevent torque generation at wheels of the vehicle.

15. The vehicle-based UPS of claim 1 further comprising a mode switch configured to switch an operational mode of the control system.

16. A method for supplying uninterruptable power comprising:

detecting connection of an external load to an on-board energy storage system of a vehicle, the energy storage system being configured to provide electric power for at least one of driving an electric motor of the vehicle and powering auxiliary devices of the vehicle and to also generate power transferable to the external load;

providing power from the on-board energy storage system to the external load upon connection thereto;

detecting one of a voltage and a state of charge (SOC) of the on-board energy storage system; and

if the one of the voltage and the SOC of the on-board energy storage system is below a pre-determined threshold, then activating an on-board charging unit of the vehicle connected to the on-board energy storage system to supply a recharging power thereto and maintain the one of the SOC and the voltage of the on-board energy storage system within a pre-determined range while the on-board energy storage system provides power to the external load;

otherwise, if the one of the voltage and the SOC of the on-board energy storage system is above the pre-determined threshold, then keeping the on-board charging unit of the vehicle in a non-activated state while the on-board energy storage system is providing power to the external load.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein activating the charging unit comprises activating one of a DC-DC converter, a bi-directional DC-DC converter, and a bi-directional boost converter.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein activating the charging unit comprises activating an auxiliary power unit (APU), the APU comprising one of a combustion engine and a fuel cell arrangement.

19. The method of claim 16 further comprising:

sensing at least one vehicle-related parameter; and

disabling operation of the charging unit if the at least one sensed vehicle-related parameter is in an undesired state.

20. The method of claim 16 further comprising actuating a switch on the vehicle to deactivate an inverter-traction motor combination in the vehicle and prevent torque generation at wheels of the vehicle during provision of the power to the external load.

21. A control system for controlling the supply of uninterruptable power from a vehicular on-board energy storage system to an external load, the control system programmed to:

detect connection of an external load to an on-board energy storage system of a vehicle;

measure one of a voltage and a state of charge (SOC) of the on-board energy storage system upon connection of the external load;

selectively activate a charging device connected to the on-board energy storage system to supply a recharging power thereto so as to maintain the one of the voltage and the SOC of the on-board energy storage system within a pre-determined range, wherein selectively activating the charging device comprises;

activating the charging device to supply the recharging power thereto if the one of the voltage and the SOC of the on-board energy storage system is outside the pre-determined range; and

deactivating the charging device if the one of the voltage and the SOC of the on-board energy storage system is within the pre-determined range; and

operate the on-board energy storage system of the vehicle to provide power to the external load while maintaining the one of the voltage and the SOC of the on-board energy storage system within the pre-determined range, such that the on-board energy storage system provides uninterruptable power to the external load.

22. The control system of claim 21 wherein activating the charging device comprises activating one of a DC-DC converter, a bi-directional DC-DC converter, and a bi-directional boost converter.

23. The control system of claim 21 wherein activating the charging device comprises activating an auxiliary power unit (APU).

24. The control system of claim 21 further programmed to:

sense at least one vehicle-related parameter; and

disable operation of the charging device if the at least one sensed vehicle-related parameter is in an undesired state.

25. The control system of claim 24 wherein the at least one vehicle-related parameter comprises one of a carbon monoxide level, a fuel level, a parking brake engagement status, and a ground fault current interrupt (GFCI) connection status.

26. The control system of claim 21 further programmed to deactivate an inverter-traction motor combination in the vehicle during activation of the charging device.