Encoding invisible electronic information in a printed document

• US 7,961,905 B2
• Filed: 06/04/2008
• Issued: 06/14/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Harrington, Steven J
• Primary Examiner(s): Mehta; Bhavesh M
• Assistant Examiner(s): MOTSINGER, SEAN T
• Application Number:
  US12/132,911
• Publication Number:
  US 20080267515A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,105 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 358/3.28
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32203 Spatial or amplitude domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32208 involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition H04N1/32219, H04N1/32224 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32309 in colour image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes

Abstract

A printed image can be redundantly encoded by printing a visible image using a colorant with a luminance that contrasts with that of the output sheet and printing a redundant image using a colorant with a luminance that varies only slightly from that of the output sheet. Accordingly, the visible image can be easily read by a user while the redundant image is substantially invisible to the human eye at normal reading distances, yet capable of being captured by a conventional digital scanner. In one aspect, redundantly encoded images may be printed on a white background, with visible images printed in black text and redundant images printed in blue in content regions of the visible image and in yellow in its background regions.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

generating image data that provides a digital representation of an original image;

providing an encoding transformation function for positioning pixels of a substantially invisible representation of said original image inside said original image, wherein the encoding transformation function scrambles coordinates for the substantially invisible representation of said original image based on coordinates of the original image;

printing said original image on an output copy sheet; and

printing said substantially invisible representation of said original image on said output copy sheet, with said pixels of said substantially invisible representation of said original image dispersed among said original image according to said encoding transformation function.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said original image is printed by depositing black colorant onto a white output sheet and said substantially invisible representation of said original image is printed by depositing blue and yellow colorant onto said white output sheet, with yellow colorant deposited on said white output sheet in background-region-corresponding locations of said original image and blue colorant deposited on said white output sheet in content-region-corresponding locations of said original image.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein a print resolution of said substantially invisible representation of said original image differs from a print resolution for said original image.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising compressing said image data representing said original image prior to generating said substantially invisible representation of said original image and printing said substantially invisible representation of said original image.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein pixels in said substantially invisible representation of said original image are dispersed among corresponding pixels of said original image using a function:

j′

=reversebits(i+j);

i′

=reversebits(j′

+i), wherein (i, j) are coordinates of said pixels of said original image and (i′

, j′

) are coordinates for corresponding pixels in said substantially invisible representation of said original image.

6. A data encoder, comprising:

an input channel configured to receive pixel values that digitally represent an original image;

a redundant image pixel selector configured to provide an encoding transformation function that maps pixels belonging to a substantially invisible representation of said original image to corresponding pixels in a visible representation of said original image, wherein the encoding transformation function scrambles coordinates of the pixels for the substantially invisible representation of said original image based on coordinates for the pixels of the original image;

a visible image generator configured to print said visible representation of said original image on an output copy sheet using a colorant whose luminance value differs substantially from a luminance value of a print location for said visible image representation; and

a redundant image generator configured to print said substantially invisible representation of said original image using a colorant whose luminance value is substantially the same as a luminance value for a corresponding pixel according to said encoding transformation function.

7. A data encoder as claimed in claim 6, wherein said visible image generator is configured to deposit black colorant onto said output copy sheet and said redundant image generator is configured to deposit yellow colorant in a visible image background region of said output copy sheet and is configured to deposit blue colorant in a visible image content region of said output copy sheet.

8. A data encoder, comprising:

an input channel configured to receive pixel values that digitally represent an original image;

a redundant image pixel selector configured to provide an encoding transformation function that maps pixels belonging to a substantially invisible representation of said original image to corresponding pixels in a visible representation of said original image, wherein the encoding transformation function scrambles coordinates of the pixels for the substantially invisible representation of said original image based on coordinates for the pixels of the visible representation of said original image;

a visible image generator configured to visibly display said visible representation of said original image in color whose luminance value differs substantially from a luminance value of a region surrounding said visible representation; and

a redundant image generator configured to display said substantially invisible representation of said original image in a color whose luminance value is substantially the same as a luminance value of a surrounding region.