Method of recycling a battery

• US 7,964,299 B2
• Filed: 10/18/2006
• Issued: 06/21/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: EnerDel, Inc. (Ener1, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: EnerDel, Inc. (Ener1, Inc.)
• Inventors: Hashimoto, Zenzo
• Primary Examiner(s): Hendrickson; Stuart
• Assistant Examiner(s): Rump; Richard M
• Application Number:
  US11/550,639
• Publication Number:
  US 20070134546A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,707 Days
• Field of Search: 429/49, 429/426.1, 429/50, 297/63, 294/261
• US Class Current: 429/49
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 26/12 Obtaining lithium
• CPC Class Codes: C22B 7/005 Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4207 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4285 Testing apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/54 Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/20 Recycling
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/84 Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49815 Disassembling

Abstract

A method of the present invention is directed to recycling a battery that includes a plurality of lithium cells removable from one another. The battery is tested to measure internal resistance of the lithium cells to determine if the lithium cells present a predetermined level of operational capability. The lithium cells having the operational level less than the predetermined level of operational capability are replaced with new lithium cells as the battery is re-assembled. The removed lithium cells are recycled.

Claims

1. A method of recycling a battery usable in an automotive application and having a plurality of lithium cells removable from one another with each lithium cell having a first electrode formed from a first metal having a positive material and a second electrode formed from a second metal having a negative material with the second electrode having a charge opposite from the first electrode, said method comprising the steps of:

disassembling the battery to remove the lithium cells;

measuring an internal resistance of each of the removed lithium cells in view of a predetermined level of operational capability, whereby the internal resistance is indicative of at least one of a charge capacity and a discharge capacity, so that each of the removed lithium cells is either below the predetermined level or meets the predetermined level;

separating the removed lithium cells into at least two recycling categories, wherein at least one recycling category includes the removed lithium cells below the predetermined level and wherein at least another recycling category includes the removed lithium cells that meet the predetermined level;

replacing the lithium cells being removed from the battery with new lithium cells comprising materials from the removed lithium cells below the predetermined level and re-assembling the battery;

recycling the lithium cells of one of the recycling categories removed from the battery by separating at least one of the first metal from the positive material and the second metal from the negative material by grinding the same with a fluid in a mixer as at least one of the first metal and the second metal is regenerated and forming a new cell by mixing the recycled positive material with new positive material and the recycled negative material with new negative material in predetermined ratios; and

re-using the lithium cells of another of the recycling categories in an application differing from their original application, wherein the lithium cells of another of the recycling categories are unusable in their original application.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of recycling the lithium cells removed from the battery is further defined by separating the first electrode from the second electrode and recycling the first and second electrodes separately from one another.

3. A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the step of recycling the lithium cells removed from the battery is further defined by placing the first electrode having the first metal and the positive material into a mixer and separating the first metal from the positive material as the first electrode is mixed with fluid.

4. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the first metal is aluminum.

5. A method a set forth in claim 4 including the step of regenerating the aluminum removed from the positive material.

6. A method as set forth in claim 5 including the step of drying the positive material separated from the aluminum.

7. A method as set forth in claim 6 including the step of mixing the new positive material with the dried positive material to form a new positive mixture based on a ratio predetermined upon the difference between the predetermined level of operational capability of the lithium cell and the operational level of the lithium cell removed from the battery.

8. A method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the predetermined ratio presents up to 70 percent of the dried positive material and up to 30 percent of the new positive material.

9. A method as set forth in claim 7 wherein the predetermined ratio presents at least 70 percent of the dried positive material and at least 30 percent of the new positive material.

10. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the second metal is copper.

11. A method a set forth in claim 10 including the step of regenerating the copper removed from the negative material.

12. A method as set forth in claim 11 including the step of drying the negative material separated from the copper.

13. A method as set forth in claim 12 including the step of mixing the new negative material with the dried negative material to form a new negative mixture based on a ratio predetermined upon the difference between the predetermined level of operational capability of the lithium cell and the operational level of the lithium cell removed from the battery.

14. A method as set forth in claim 13 wherein the predetermined ratio presents up to 70 percent of the dried negative material and up to 30 percent of the new negative material.

15. A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the predetermined ratio presents at least 70 percent of the dried negative material and at least 30 percent of the new negative material.

16. A method as set forth in claim 12 including the step of coating the new negative mixture on the regenerated copper to form a new second electrode and coating the new positive mixture on the regenerated aluminum to form a new first electrode.

17. A method as set forth in claim 16 including the step of combining the new first electrode and the new second electrode with a separator and an electrolyte placed therebetween to form the new lithium cell.

18. A method of recycling a lithium cell comprising the steps of:

forming a battery device having a plurality of the lithium cells removable from one another with each lithium cell having a first electrode formed from an aluminum having a positive material and a second electrode formed from a copper having a negative material with the second electrode having a charge opposite from the first electrode,

disassembling the battery device to remove the lithium cells,

measuring internal resistance of the lithium cells to determine at least one of a charge capacity and a discharge capacity thereby determining if the lithium cells present a predetermined level of operational capability,

removing the lithium cells having the operational level less than the predetermined level of operational capability thereby separating the removed cells into at least two recycling categories based on deviation of the operational level of the removed lithium cells from the predetermined level of operational capability,

replacing the lithium cells being removed from the battery with new cells and assembling the battery,

recycling the cells of one of the recycling categories removed from the battery by separating at least one of the aluminum from the positive material and the copper metal from the negative material by grinding the same with a fluid in a mixer as at least one of the aluminum and the copper is regenerated,

separating the first electrode from the second electrode and recycling the first and second electrodes separately from one another by separately placing the first electrode having the aluminum and the positive material into a first mixer and separating the aluminum from the positive material as the first electrode is mixed with fluid and placing the second electrode having the copper and the negative material into a second mixer and separating the copper from the negative material as the second electrode is mixed with fluid,

drying the positive material separated from the aluminum and the negative material separated from the copper,

mixing the new positive material with the dried positive material to form a new positive mixture based on a ratio predetermined upon the difference between the predetermined level of operational capability of the cell and the operational level of the cell removed from the battery wherein the predetermined ratio presents up to 70 percent of the dried positive material and up to 30 percent of the new positive material,

mixing the new negative material with the dried negative material to form a new negative mixture based on a ratio predetermined upon the difference between the predetermined level of operational capability of the lithium cell and the operational level of the lithium cell removed from the battery wherein the predetermined ratio presents up to 70 percent of the dried negative material and up to 30 percent of the new negative material,

coating the new negative mixture on the regenerated copper to form a new second electrode and coating the new positive mixture on the regenerated aluminum to form a new first electrode,

combining the new first electrode and the new second electrode with a separator and an electrolyte placed therebetween to form the new cell, and

re-using the lithium cells of another of the recycling categories in a second application other than the automotive application, wherein the lithium cells of another of the recycling categories are unusable in the automotive application.

19. The method as set forth in claim 18, wherein the combining step further comprises positioning the new first electrode, the new second electrode, the separator, and the electrolyte into a housing having a bottom, side walls, a lid removably attached to said side walls, and a plurality of pins extending from said bottom and through said lid, to form at least one new lithium cell.

20. The method as set forth in claim 19, wherein the combining step is performed to form a plurality of lithium cells.

21. The method as set forth in claim 20, wherein the combining step further comprises positioning at least one resilient member between each of said plurality of lithium cells for forcing said lithium cells against said lid and said bottom thereby evenly pressing said lithium cells relative to one another.

22. A method for recycling a battery comprising a plurality of lithium cells, the method comprising the steps of:

removing lithium cells from a battery;

measuring an internal resistance of each of the removed lithium cells in view of a predetermined threshold of operational capability, so that each of the removed lithium cells is either below the predetermined threshold or meets the predetermined threshold;

if at least one removed lithium cell is below the predetermined threshold, recycling at least one said cell(s) by;

separating a first original metal of an original positive material of said cell(s) from a second original metal of an original negative material of said cell(s) by grinding the same with a fluid in a mixer,

adding new positive material to the original positive material to form a positive material mixture,

adding new negative material to the original negative material to form a negative material mixture,

forming new positive electrodes from the positive material mixture and new negative electrodes from the negative material mixture, and

forming new lithium cells from the new positive electrodes, the new negative electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte;

if at least one removed lithium cell meets the predetermined threshold, re-use said cell(s) in an application different from an original application the battery was used; and

replacing the removed lithium cells with the new lithium cells to reassemble the battery.