Electronic voting method and system employing a machine readable ballot envelope

• US 7,975,920 B2
• Filed: 09/08/2008
• Issued: 07/12/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/01/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Avante International Technology
• Original Assignee: Avante International Technology
• Inventors: Chung, Kevin Kwong-Tai, Dong, Victor Jun
• Primary Examiner(s): Frech; Karl D.
• Application Number:
  US12/206,239
• Publication Number:
  US 20090020606A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,037 Days
• Field of Search: 235/386, 235/375, 705/12
• US Class Current: 235/386
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 17/0032 Apparatus for automatic testing and analysing marked record carriers, used for examinations of the multiple choice answer type teaching apparatus working with questions and answers G09B7/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10346 the antenna being of the far field type, e.g. HF types or dipoles
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/10 Office automation; Time management
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 13/00 Voting apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/1221 onto a wall
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/22 by structural association with other equipment or articles
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2208 associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns G06K7/00; record carrier for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings G06K19/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/28 Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems multiple beam H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0861 using biometrical features, e.g. fingerprint, retina-scan cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using biological data H04L9/3231
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/12 Applying verification of the received information cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for data integrity or data verification H04L9/32

Abstract

A method for reading a sheet or a paper ballot enclosed in a ballot envelope comprises decoding a machine readable envelope identifier from each ballot envelope, displaying at least the decoded envelope identifier and a signature from each ballot envelope for determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or both, whether a valid sheet or ballot is presented. If the sheet or ballot is valid, then the sheet or ballot is removed from its envelope and the selections marked on the sheet or ballot may then be determined and processed.

Claims

1. A method for reading paper ballots wherein each paper ballot is enclosed in a ballot envelope having a machine-readable envelope identifier and voter information including a signature thereon, wherein each paper ballot is markable for marking voting selections thereon, said method comprising:

reading each ballot envelope including reading at least the machine readable envelope identifier and signature thereon;

decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each ballot envelope;

displaying at least the decoded envelope identifier and signature read from each ballot envelope for determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot; and

if the ballot is determined to be a valid ballot, removing the paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot from its ballot envelope, and then performing the following steps on each paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot;

reading each paper ballot;

selecting a template for decoding voting selections marked on each paper ballot responsive to an identifier read from that paper ballot;

decoding the voting selections read from each paper ballot in accordance with the selected template therefore; and

tabulating the voting selections decoded from each of the paper ballots consistent with their respective selected templates.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each paper ballot has a jurisdiction identifier, said method further comprising:

decoding the jurisdiction identifier of each paper ballot; and

said selecting a template includes selecting the template responsive to the decoded jurisdiction identifier for decoding the voting selections marked on each paper ballot,

whereby the paper ballots need not be sorted according to jurisdiction prior to said reading each paper ballot.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the jurisdiction identifier includes one or more of a bar code, a two-dimensional bar code, a prescribed font, optical character recognition (OCR) characters, alphanumeric characters, non-alphanumeric characters, and symbols.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein each paper ballot has orientation indicia and may be in an orientation different from other ones of the paper ballots, said method further comprising:

determining from the orientation indicia the orientation of each paper ballot;

wherein said decoding the voting selections read from each paper ballot in accordance with the selected template comprises decoding consistent with the determined orientation of each paper ballot the voting selections marked on each paper ballot in accordance with the selected template.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the orientation indicia include:

at least two orientation indicia that are spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of the paper ballot;

or

one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

+”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, and/or any combination thereof;

or

at least two orientation indicia that are spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of the paper ballot and that include one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

+”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, and/or any combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said reading each paper ballot includes imaging the paper ballot and storing the image of the paper ballot.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said reading each paper ballot includes imaging the paper ballot on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device.

8. The method of claim 1:

wherein said reading each ballot envelope includes imaging ballot envelopes transported along a transport path of an image document scanner to provide a ballot envelope image in a pixelated or bitmapped format for each ballot envelope; and

wherein said decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each ballot envelope includes decoding the envelope identifier from the pixelated or bitmapped format ballot envelope image.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the envelope identifier includes a unique voter identifier, wherein the determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot comprises:

determining whether the displayed signature matches a voter signature in a voter registration record corresponding to the unique voter identifier.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising prior to said tabulating step:

determining from the decoded voting selections whether each paper ballot contains an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof;

separating each paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof from other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

then;

performing said tabulating step for the other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

separately processing each separated paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof.

11. A method for reading paper ballots wherein each paper ballot is enclosed in a ballot envelope having a machine-readable envelope identifier and voter information including a signature thereon, wherein each paper ballot is markable for marking voting selections thereon, said method comprising:

reading each ballot envelope including at least the machine readable envelope identifier and signature thereon;

decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each ballot envelope;

displaying at least the decoded envelope identifier and signature read from each ballot envelope for determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot; and

if the ballot is determined to be a valid ballot, removing each paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot from its ballot envelope, and then performing the following steps on each paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot;

determining the voting selections marked on each paper ballot; and

tabulating the voting selections determined from each of the paper ballots.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said reading each ballot envelope includes:

imaging each ballot envelope on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device;

or

storing the image of each ballot envelope;

or

imaging each ballot envelope on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device and storing the image of each ballot envelope.

13. The method of claim 11:

wherein said reading each ballot envelope includes imaging ballot envelopes transported along a transport path of an image document scanner to provide a ballot envelope image in a pixelated or bitmapped format for each ballot envelope; and

wherein said decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each ballot envelope includes decoding the envelope identifier from the pixelated or bitmapped format ballot envelope image.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein the envelope identifier includes a unique voter identifier, wherein the determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot comprises:

determining whether the displayed signature matches a voter signature in a voter registration record corresponding to the unique voter identifier.

15. The method of claim 11 further comprising prior to said tabulating step:

determining from the determined voting selections whether each paper ballot contains an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof;

separating each paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof from other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

then;

performing said tabulating step for the other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

separately processing each separated paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof.

16. A method for reading paper ballots wherein each paper ballot is enclosed in a ballot envelope having a machine-readable envelope identifier and voter information including a signature thereon, wherein each paper ballot is markable for marking voting selections thereon, said method comprising:

decoding the machine readable envelope identifier from each ballot envelope;

displaying at least the decoded envelope identifier and signature of each ballot envelope for determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot; and

if the ballot is determined to be a valid ballot, removing the paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot from its ballot envelope, and then performing the following steps on each paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot;

determining the voting selections marked on each paper ballot; and

tabulating the voting selections determined from each of the paper ballots.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said decoding the machine-readable envelope identifier from each ballot envelope includes:

imaging each ballot envelope on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device;

or

storing the image of each ballot envelope;

or

imaging each ballot envelope on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device and storing the image of each ballot envelope.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein said decoding the machine-readable envelope identifier from each ballot envelope includes:

reading ballot envelopes transported along a transport path of a document scanner; and

decoding the envelope identifier read from the ballot envelope.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein the envelope identifier includes a unique voter identifier, wherein the determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot comprises:

determining whether the displayed signature matches a voter signature in a voter registration record corresponding to the unique voter identifier.

20. The method of claim 16 further comprising prior to said tabulating step:

determining from the determined voting selections whether each paper ballot contains an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof;

separating each paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof from other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

then;

performing said tabulating step for the other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

separately processing each separated paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof.

21. The method of claim 16 wherein each paper ballot has a unique ballot identifier thereon, said method further comprising:

storing a representation of the voting selections marked on each paper ballot and the unique ballot identifier thereof;

or

storing an image of each paper ballot and relating the stored image to a voter registration database;

or

publishing the voting selections, the jurisdiction identifier and the unique ballot identifier from each paper ballot;

or

storing a representation of the voting selections marked on each paper ballot and the unique ballot identifier thereof and publishing the voting selections, the jurisdiction identifier and the unique ballot identifier from each paper ballot;

or

a combination of the foregoing.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the unique ballot identifier includes a randomly generated identifier that is not related to the envelope identifier.

23. A method for reading paper ballots wherein each paper ballot is enclosed in a ballot envelope having a machine-readable envelope identifier and voter information including a signature thereon, wherein each paper ballot is markable for marking voting selections thereon, and wherein each paper ballot has a jurisdiction identifier and fiducial marks thereon, said method comprising:

reading each ballot envelope including at least the machine readable envelope identifier and signature thereon;

decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each ballot envelope;

displaying at least the decoded envelope identifier and signature of each ballot envelope for determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot; and

if the ballot is determined to be a valid ballot, removing each paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot from its ballot envelope, and then performing the following steps on each paper ballot determined to be a valid ballot;

determining from the fiducial marks the orientation of each paper ballot;

reading consistent with the determined orientation of each paper ballot the jurisdiction identifier of each paper ballot;

selecting a template responsive to the read jurisdiction identifier of each paper ballot for reading the voting selections marked thereon; and

reading the voting selections marked on each paper ballot in accordance with the selected template and consistent with the determined orientation of each paper ballot,

whereby the voting selections marked on each paper ballot are read in accordance with a selected template corresponding to the jurisdiction identifier for that paper ballot irrespective of the orientation of the paper ballot.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising:

decoding the voting selections read from each paper ballot in accordance with the selected template; and

then;

tabulating the voting selections decoded from each of the paper ballots consistent with their respective selected templates;

or

publishing the voting selections decoded from each of the paper ballots;

or

tabulating the voting selections decoded from each of the paper ballots consistent with their respective selected templates and publishing the decoded voting selections.

25. The method of claim 23 wherein the jurisdiction identifier includes one or more of a bar code, a two-dimensional bar code, a prescribed font, optical character recognition (OCR) characters, alphanumeric characters, non-alphanumeric characters, and symbols.

26. The method of claim 23 wherein the fiducial marks include:

at least two orientation indicia that are spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of the paper ballot;

or

one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

+”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, and/or any combination thereof;

or

at least two orientation indicia that are spaced apart by a predetermined distance for defining a dimension of the paper ballot and that include one or more of cross-hair lines, cross-hair lines in a circle, targets, bulls-eye shapes, bullets, “

+”

marks, “

X”

marks, boxes, any of the foregoing with one or more black, darkened or contrasting adjacent sections, and/or any combination thereof.

27. The method of claim 23 wherein said reading consistent with the determined orientation of each paper ballot the jurisdiction identifier of each paper ballot, or said reading the voting selections marked on each paper ballot, or both, includes:

imaging each paper ballot and storing the image of each paper ballot;

or

imaging each paper ballot on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device and storing the image of each paper ballot.

28. The method of claim 23:

wherein said reading each ballot envelope includes imaging ballot envelopes transported along a transport path of an image document scanner to provide a ballot envelope image in a pixelated or bitmapped format for each ballot envelope; and

wherein said decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each ballot envelope includes decoding the envelope identifier from the pixelated or bitmapped format ballot envelope image.

29. The method of claim 23 wherein the envelope identifier includes a unique voter identifier, wherein the determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot comprises:

determining whether the displayed signature matches a voter signature in a voter registration record corresponding to the unique voter identifier.

30. The method of claim 23 further comprising prior to said tabulating step:

determining from the voting selections read from each paper ballot whether each paper ballot contains an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof;

separating each paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof from other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

then;

performing said tabulating step for the other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

separately processing each separated paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof.

31. The method of claim 23 wherein each paper ballot has a unique ballot identifier thereon, said method further comprising:

storing a representation of the voting selections marked on each paper ballot and the unique ballot identifier thereof;

or

storing an image of each paper ballot and relating the stored image to a voter registration database;

or

publishing the voting selections, the jurisdiction identifier and the unique ballot identifier from each paper ballot;

or

storing a representation of the voting selections marked on each paper ballot and the unique ballot identifier thereof and publishing the voting selections, the jurisdiction identifier and the unique ballot identifier from each paper ballot;

or

a combination of the foregoing.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the unique ballot identifier includes a randomly generated identifier that is not related to the envelope identifier.

33. A method for reading paper sheets wherein each paper sheet is enclosed in an envelope having a machine-readable envelope identifier and a signature thereon, and wherein each paper sheet is markable for marking selections thereon, said method comprising:

reading each envelope including at least the machine readable envelope identifier and the signature thereon;

decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each envelope;

displaying at least the decoded envelope identifier and the signature read from each envelope for determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the paper sheet is a valid sheet; and

if the sheet is determined to be a valid sheet, removing the paper sheet determined to be a valid sheet from its envelope, and then performing the following steps on each paper sheet determined to be a valid sheet;

determining the selections marked on each paper sheet; and

processing the selections determined from each of the paper sheets.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein said reading each envelope includes:

imaging each envelope on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device;

or

storing the image of each envelope;

or

imaging each envelope on a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device and storing the image of each envelope.

35. The method of claim 33:

wherein said reading each envelope includes imaging envelopes transported along a transport path of an image document scanner to provide an envelope image in a pixelated or bitmapped format for each envelope; and

wherein said decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each envelope includes decoding the envelope identifier from the pixelated or bitmapped format envelope image.

36. The method of claim 33 wherein the envelope identifier includes a unique individual identifier, wherein the determining from the envelope identifier, the signature, or the envelope identifier and the signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot comprises:

determining whether the displayed signature matches an individual signature in a registration record corresponding to the unique individual identifier.

37. The method of claim 33 wherein the sheet includes an examination sheet, a test sheet, an answer sheet, a tally sheet, a tabulation sheet, a survey sheet, a questionnaire, a gaming sheet, a race sheet, a lottery sheet, or any combination of the foregoing.

38. The method of claim 33 wherein said method is utilized for grading and/or marking an examination, for grading and/or marking a test, for grading and/or marking a school test, for grading and/or marking a university test, for grading and/or marking a professional test, for grading and/or marking an answer sheet, for tallying and/or tabulating a survey, for tallying and/or tabulating a questionnaire, for reading and/or tabulating gaming sheets, for reading and/or tabulating races, for reading and/or tabulating lotteries, or any combination of the foregoing.

39. A system for reading paper ballots wherein each paper ballot is enclosed in a ballot envelope having a machine-readable envelope identifier and voter information including a voter signature thereon, wherein each paper ballot is markable for marking voting selections thereon, said system comprising:

a reader for reading at least the machine readable envelope identifier and the voter signature on each ballot envelope;

a decoder for decoding the machine readable envelope identifier read from each ballot envelope;

a display for displaying the decoded envelope identifier and the voter signature for determining from the envelope identifier, the voter signature, or the envelope identifier and the voter signature, whether the ballot is a valid ballot;

means for determining the voting selections marked on each paper ballot that has been determined to be a valid ballot; and

means for tabulating the voting selections determined from each of the paper ballots determined to be a valid ballot.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein said reader comprises:

a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device, that can capture an image of each ballot envelope;

or

memory for storing the image of each ballot envelope;

or

a copier, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a commercial imaging device or a commercial scanning device, that can capture the image of each ballot envelope and a memory for storing the image of each ballot envelope.

41. The system of claim 39 wherein:

said reader of each ballot envelope includes an image document scanner for imaging ballot envelopes transported along a transport path thereof to provide a ballot envelope image in a pixelated or bitmapped format for each ballot envelope; and

said decoder includes means for decoding the machine readable envelope identifier from each ballot envelope from the pixelated or bitmapped format ballot envelope image.

42. The system of claim 39 wherein said means for determining the voting selections includes:

means for determining whether each paper ballot contains an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof;

wherein each paper ballot determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, a write-in voting selection, or a combination thereof is separated from other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection; and

wherein said means for tabulating tabulates the other paper ballots not determined to contain an undervote, an overvote, a missing voting selection, or a write-in voting selection.

43. The system of claim 39 wherein:

the envelope identifier is related to voter data stored in a voter registration record;

or

the envelope identifier includes a randomly generated identifier for authenticating the ballot envelope or the paper ballot therein or both;

or

the paper ballot includes a randomly generated identifier for authentication of the ballot, wherein the randomly generated identifier is not related to the envelope identifier;

or

a combination thereof.