Nanowire-based membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells

• US 7,977,013 B2
• Filed: 12/20/2006
• Issued: 07/12/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 12/09/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ONED Material Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Nanosys Incorporated (Shoei Electronic Materials, Inc.)
• Inventors: Niu, Chunming, Parce, J. Wallace, Empedocles, Stephen A., Chow, Calvin Y. H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kalafut; Stephen J.
• Application Number:
  US11/642,241
• Publication Number:
  US 20100233585A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,665 Days
• Field of Search: 429/532, 427/115, 502/101, 502/178, 502/182, 501/178, 501/182, 977/762
• US Class Current: 429/532
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8605 Porous electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/881 Electrolytic membranes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8846 Impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8853 Electrodeposition
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8867 Vapour deposition
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/90 Selection of catalytic material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9075 Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers H01M4/8807, H01M4/881, H01M4/8814, H01M4/925 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/921 Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/925 supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/926 on carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/023 Porous and characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0232 Metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0234 Carbonaceous material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0236 Glass; Ceramics; Cermets
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0241 Composites
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1004 characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1007 with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1011 Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1086 After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/762 : Nanowire or quantum wire, i.e. axially elongated structure having two dimensions of 100 nm or less
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/948 : Energy storage/generating using nanostructure, e.g. fuel cell, battery

Abstract

The present invention discloses nanowires for use in a fuel cell comprising a metal catalyst deposited on a surface of the nanowires. A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell is disclosed which generally comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode electrode, and a cathode electrode, wherein at least one or more of the anode electrode and cathode electrode comprise an interconnected network of the catalyst supported nanowires. Methods are also disclosed for preparing a membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell based upon an interconnected network of nanowires.

Claims

1. A nanowire for use in a fuel cell wherein the nanowire comprises a core which comprises silicon and at least one shell layer which comprises silicon carbide (SiC) having a catalyst metal and/or proton conducting coating deposited thereon.

2. The nanowire of claim 1, wherein the nanowire comprises both a metal catalyst and a proton conducting coating deposited thereon.

3. The nanowire of claim 1, wherein the nanowire comprises a proton conducting coating deposited thereon which comprises a perfluorinated sulfonated hydrocarbon molecule.

4. The nanowire of claim 1, wherein the nanowire is functionalized with a chemical binding moiety which binds the catalyst metal and/or proton conducting coating thereto.